【作者】 陈畅；

【导师】 侯浩波；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境工程， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 土壤污染引起全球土壤功能退化,危及人类的生存基础。土壤修复产业在全球的快速发展使其成为了对人类产生巨大影响的社会经济活动。为了更好的促进土壤修复产业的发展,提高修复效率的同时降低综合成本,土壤修复的可持续性引起了社会各界的关注。可持续土壤修复的目的是在解决土壤污染问题的同时最大限度降低对社会环境经济造成的负面影响使土壤修复这一活动能可持续的发展。为土壤修复的可持续发展提供理论基础与技术支持,即构建土壤修复可持续性评价体系,开发土壤修复的可持续性分析方法和工具是该研究领域现阶段的主要需求。生命周期视角的环境影响测算与分析方法生命周期评价(LCA)是可持续土壤修复的主要研究方法,可以对土壤修复的环境影响进行量化分析,进行基于环境影响的土壤修复可持续性评价。但该方法缺乏对社会经济影响的量化分析,存在完善的需求与空间。本研究以典型的化学工业污染场地作为研究对象,分别将LCA方法和投入产出生命周期评价(IO-LCA)方法应用于土壤修复技术的可持续性评价,并基于两种生命周期方法的指标通过多属性决策(MADM)开发可持续土壤修复技术方案MADM进行基于可持续性比较的土壤修复技术方案决策。该方法体系为进行可持续土壤修复提供新的思路,具有重要的积极意义和参考价值。本研究分为以下四个部分:第一部分,通过LCA软件Sima Pro9.0建立研究区域污染场地土壤修复方案的生命周期模型,评价和分析各方案的环境影响,并进行模型的不确定分析。评价结果显示:(1)土壤挖掘运输阶段和场地污水处理阶段的环境影响远小于土壤修复技术处理阶段。(2)土壤修复技术环境影响最大的是原位热脱附(ISTD)技术,其次是原地异位设备内热脱附(ESTD)技术,原位封存(ISE)的环境影响最小。(3)方案2(ESTD+ISE)是环境影响最小的方案;方案4(ESTD+ISTD)是环境影响最大的方案。(4)ISTD技术的环境影响主要来自于维持设备运转使用的电力;ESTD技术的环境影响主要源自加热土壤的热能供应所消耗的天然气;ISE技术的环境影响来自建造隔离墙体的胶凝材料。(5)方案1(ISE+ESTD+ISTD)的环境评价结果具有较大的不确定性,它与方案3(ESTD)之间的评分高低关系在不同情景会发生变化。第二部分,首先通过IO-LCA(投入产出生命周期评价)方法量化土壤修复技术方案的环境社会经济综合影响,得到包括土壤修复技术方案的污染物排放、就业和经济带动的清单。然后结合Re Ci Pe环境影响评价模型对清单进行特征化与赋权以得到影响评价结果,使IO-LCA方法的环境影响评价缺乏特征化的问题得以改善。最后进行不确定分析并比较了各个方技术方案的环境影响与社会经济效益比值。评价结果展示了各方案环境影响和社会经济效应的关系:(1)ISTD技术的环境影响最大,产生的社会经济效应在三种技术居中;ISE技术的环境影响最小,产生的经济效应最少;ESTD技术的环境影响在三种技术中居中,产生的社会经济效益最多。(2)ISTD技术产生环境影响和社会经济效应主要来自燃气生产和供应、电力热力的生产和供应、金属冶炼和压延加工品、非金属矿物制品、化学产品,石油、炼焦产品和核燃料加工品,石油和天然气开采、煤炭采选产品和非金属矿和其他矿采选产品9种行业。第三部分,结合LCA的环境影响评价指标和IO-LCA社会经济影响评价指标体系通过MADM方法体系中的层次分析法进行权重开发了可持续土壤修复技术方案MADM方法,并进行实际应用,将不同情景对应的LCA和IO-LCA评价结果进行加权计算进行了土壤修复方案决策。决策方案结果显示:(1)方案2(ISE+ESTD)是最为稳妥的最可持续土壤修复方案;(2)三种技术中ISE技术是最可持续的技术。第四部分,通过LCA和IO-LCA的过程分析数据设计情景模拟,使用MADM方法进行对比分析并提出优化建议。结合现阶段可持续国外可借鉴的土壤修复决策体系和政策提出优化建议基于上述研究得到以下结论:(1)电力供应方式转化为风力发电可以极大程度提高土壤修复方案的可持续性。(2)土壤修复的施工过程中选用大载重量的货车进行土壤运输可以提高土壤修复技术方案的可持续性。(3)在土壤修复材料生产过程中,材料制备的供热能源选是土壤修复材料可持续性的主要影响因素。煤炭供热是可持续性较差的一种供热方式(4)开发包含可持续因素指标的土壤修复方案筛选矩阵和引入包含可持续因素的修复流程优化(RPO)可以助力可持续土壤修复的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil pollution caused global degradation of soil function and endangered the foundation of human existence.The rapid global growth of the soil remediation industry has made it a socio-economic activity that has a huge impact on humanity.To better promote the development of the soil remediation industry and improve the remediation effect while reducing the consumption,the sustainability of soil remediation has attracted the attention of all sectors of society.The objective of sustainable soil remediation was to addressed soil pollution while minimizing negative socioenvironmental and economic impacts and making the activity sustainable.Providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable development of soil remediation,i.e.,the construction of a sustainability evaluation system for soil remediation and the development of sustainability analysis methods and tools for soil remediation are the main needs at this stage of the research field.Life Cycle Assessment(LCA),a method of environmental impact measurement and analysis from a life-cycle perspective,is the main research method for sustainable soil remediation,which can quantitatively analyze the environmental impact of soil remediation and evaluate the sustainability of soil remediation based on environmental impact.However,there was a lack of quantitative analysis of socio-economic impact,and there was a need and space for improvement.In this study,a typical chemical industry contaminated site was studied,the LCA method and the Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment(IO-LCA)method are applied to the sustainability evaluation of soil remediation technologies,and the MADM method was developed for sustainable soil remediation technology programs through Multi-Attribute Decision Making(MADM)based on the indicators of the two life cycle methods.The method applied to soil remediation alternative decisions based on sustainability comparison.This methodological system provided new ideas for sustainable soil remediation and has important positive implications and reference value.The study divided into the following four parts.In the first part,a life cycle model of the soil remediation alternatives for contaminated sites in the study area was developed through the LCA software Sima Pro9.0,the environmental impacts of the alternatives were assessed and analyzed,and uncertainty analysis of the model was carried out.The assessment showed that:(1)the environmental impact of the soil excavation transport phase and the sewage treatment phase of the site was much less than that of the soil remediation technology treatment phase.(2)The environmental impact of soil remediation technologies is greatest for insitu thermal desorption(ISTD),followed by in-situ thermal desorption(ESTD),and least for in-situ encapsulation(ISE).(3)Alternative 2(ESTD+ISE)is the least environmentally impactful;Alternative 4(ESTD+ISTD)is the most environmentally impactful.(4)The environmental impact of ISTD technology is mainly from the electricity used to maintain the operation of the equipment;the environmental impact of ESTD technology is mainly from the natural gas consumed to heat the thermal energy supply of the soil,and the environmental impact of ISE technology is from the gelling material used to construct the barrier wall.(5)The environmental assessment results for alternative 1(ISE+ESTD+ISTD)are subject to a high degree of uncertainty,and the relationship between its score and that of alternative 3(ESTD)varies between scenarios.In the second part,the integrated environmental and socio-economic impacts of the soil remediation project are quantified first through the IO-LCA(Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment)method,which includes an inventory of pollutant emissions,employment and economic impacts of the soil remediation project.The lack of characterization of the IO-LCA method of environmental impact assessment was then improved by characterizing and empowering the inventory in conjunction with the Re Ci Pe environmental impact assessment model to obtain the impact assessment results.Finally,an uncertainty analysis was performed,and the environmental impact on socio-economic benefit ratios of the various alternatives/technologies were compared.The assessment shows the relationship between the environmental impact and socio-economic effects of the alternatives:(1)ISTD technology has the largest environmental impact and produces the most socio-economic effects among the three technologies;ISE technology has the smallest environmental impact and produces the least economic effects,and ESTD technology has the largest socio-economic effects among the three technologies.(2)Environmental impacts and socio-economic effects of ISTD technologies come mainly from nine industries: gas production and supply,electric heat production and supply,metal smelting and rolling products,non-metallic mineral products,chemical products,petroleum,coking products and nuclear fuel processing products,oil and gas extraction,coal extraction products and non-metallic ore and other mineral extraction products.In the third part,the MADM method for sustainable soil remediation alternative was developed by weighting the LCA environmental impact assessment indicators and the IO-LCA socio-economic impact assessment indicator system through the hierarchical analysis in the MADM method system and applied in practice.The results of the decision alternative show that:(1)Alternative 2(ISE+ESTD)is the most conservative and sustainable soil remediation alternative.(2)ISE technology is the most sustainable of the three technologies.In the fourth part,the design scenario simulation through LCA and IO-LCA was used to perform comparative analysis and make optimization recommendations using the MADM method.The following conclusions are based on the above study:(1)Conversion of electricity supply to wind power can significantly improve the sustainability of soil remediation alternatives.(2)The use of heavy-duty trucks for soil transport during the construction of soil remediation can improve the sustainability of soil remediation technical alternatives.(3)In the production of soil remediation materials,the choice of heating energy for material preparation is a major influence on the sustainability of soil remediation materials.Coal heating is a less sustainable form of heating(4)The development of a screening matrix for soil remediation solutions with sustainability indicators and the introduction of Remediation Process Optimization(RPO)can facilitate the development of sustainable soil remediation.更多还原