【作者】 王雪；

【导师】 王瀚东；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 传播学， 2019， 博士

【副题名】基于对青岛电视台的民族志观察

【摘要】 本文以城市台“融媒体”转型中的“电视人”为研究对象,聚焦基层媒体电视从业者在融媒体背景下的“体制内转型”,考察电视从业者在具体的媒介实践活动中对自身职业发展路径的探索。笔者以人类学民族志的参与式观察展开对这一职业群体的研究,以青岛电视台新闻中心全媒体实验室的创新组团队为研究个案,从人类学的文化路径阐释城市台电视人作为文化主体、行动主体实践的意义与价值,从中发掘影响城市台电视人转型路径的因素与发生机制。本研究并未将重点集中在控制媒介从业者行为的结构因素上,而是关注了电视人实践的主观意义及其自主性,从个体职业发展与转型的维度去分析电视人展开的融媒体探索,阐释电视人职业行为的文化意义,进而从被忽略的文化意义重塑的角度去理解传统媒介变迁的问题。将媒介组织中电视人展开的媒介实践作为经验性观察的对象,媒介组织构成了电视人活动的基本空间和组织机制。从创新组团队的内外部空间展开描述,以“空间”问题揭示其被体制边缘化的境遇也是一种转型的“体制内”路径;从空间拓展到对组织架构、管理机制的勾勒,围绕组织中的“人”揭示传统电视机构用人机制、上升路径、管理机制方面的问题。组织的空间与架构不仅构成了电视人转型的语境,更是电视人活生生的实践“场所”,转型也意味着传统媒介机构组织文化的革新。经验性观察与人类学文化阐释路径的结合,构建出层级、代际、性别和“新移民”四个维度来阐释电视人的体制内转型,以融媒体转型中电视人媒介实践行为、关系的变化展开描述,揭示这些变动对于电视人个体职业转型的意义,深入阐释其背后的文化动因。组织层级所构建的话语秩序、层级关系和角色分工在融媒体转型中发生了变化,也构建了不同层级电视人的转型路径;作为管理者和生产者的电视人分别以“体制内创业者”和“个体化”转型为特征;被等级化的权力结构所遮蔽的“创造性”劳动差异在融媒体转型中凸显出来,成为不同层级电视人构建其转型路径的重要因素。代际因素则通过工作价值观、知识转移路径的变化渗透在了电视人的工作行为中,代际间的鲜明差异构建了“老一代”和“新生代”电视人职业转型的分水岭,同时新生代内部也出现了职业走向的分化;工作价值观的差异和矛盾集中体现为“加班”行为的价值偏向与人际关系的构建,“新生代”电视人“创新导向”的工作价值观则酝酿了体制外转型的可能;代际间“知识转移”路径的变化是互联网新知识对传统电视人知识结构的更新,也意味着知识反哺的转型路径的可能性。对女性电视人转型路径的分析以“性别气质”、“身体”、“性别角色认同”的具体概念维度展开,描述女性电视人在转型中赋予自我“女超人”的职业想象与现实中职业、家庭的双重困境;阐释“工作态身体”在职场、自我和社会文化共同作用下的“重塑”与“异化”;揭示男性中心的传统媒介组织中女性管理者的性别角色认同困境和“新新一代”职业女性性别角色认同出现的变化。“新移民”的维度将电视人的转型与整个城市的发展创新结合起来,作为“新移民”的电视人通过职业认同寻求社会认同的方式在传统媒介衰落之际出现了危机,探究职业发展路径是在城市文化变迁与创新的语境之下对个体发展、身份认同路径新的尝试与探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focuses on the "TV people”in the transformation of "Media convergence"in urban radio stations,focusing on the "transformation within the system" of grass-media crews under the background of " media convergence",and investigates the TV worker’s exploration of their own career development path in specific media practice activities.The author takes the participatory observation of anthropological ethnography to study this professional group.Taking the innovative team of the all-media Laboratory of Qingdao TV News Center as a case study,the author explains the significance and value of the practice of urban TV as a cultural subject and action subject from the cultural path of anthropology,and discovers the factors and opportunities that influence the transformation path of urban TV operators.This study does not focus on the structural factors that control the behavior of media practitioners,but on the subjective significance and autonomy of TV people’s practice.From the perspective of individual career development and transformation,it analyses TV practitioners’ explorations of media integration,explains the cultural significance of TV practitioners’ professional behavior,and then understands the changes of traditional media from the Perspective of rebuilding the cultural meaning neglected.Media practice developed by TV people in media organizations is regarded as the object of empirical observations.Media organizations constitute the basic space and organizational mechanism of TV people’s activities.This paper describes the internal and external space of the innovation team and reveals the marginalization of the system by the "space" problem,which is also a transitional "intra-system" path.From the “space”description to the outline of the organizational structure and management mechanism,it reveals the problems of the employment mechanism,the rising path and the management mechanism of traditional television organizations around the "people" in the organization.The space and structure of the organization not only constitute the context of the transformation of the TV people,but also the living practice "place" of the TV crews.The transformation also means the innovation of the organizational culture of the traditional media organizations.The combination of empirical observation and anthropological cultural interpretation path constructs four dimensions of hierarchy,intergenerational,gender and "new immigrants" to explain the transformation of TV crews within the system.Describe the changes of TV people’s media practice behavior and relationship in the media transformation,to reveal the significance of these changes to the transformation of TVpeople’s individual career,and to further explain the cultural motivation behind them.The discourse order,hierarchical relationship and role division constructed by the organizational hierarchy have changed in the transformation of the media integration,and the transformation paths of TV operators at different levels have also been constructed.As managers and producers,TV operators are characterized by "entrepreneurs within the system" and "individualized" transformation respectively.The "creative" labor differences concealed by the hierarchical power structure are emerging in the transformation of the media.It highlights that it has become an important factor for different levels of TV operators to construct their transformation path.Intergenerational factors permeate TV people’s work behavior through the changes of work values and knowledge transfer paths.The distinct differences between generations construct the watershed of career transformation between the "old generation" and the "new generation".At the same time,there is a differentiation of career trends within the new generation.The differences and contradictions of work values are mainly reflected in the value bias of "overtime" behavior and the construction of interpersonal relationship.The "innovation-oriented" working values of the "new generation" TV people brew the possibility of transformation outside the system;The change of the "knowledge transfer" path between generations is the renewal of the knowledge structure of the traditional TV people influenced by the Internet,which also means the possibility of the transformation path of knowledge feeding back.The analysis of female TV workers transformation path is based on the specific conceptual dimensions of "gender temperament","body" and "gender role identity",describing the dual dilemma of female workers between career imagination and reality,who has given themselves as ‘superwoman’ in the transformation.Explain the "remodeling" and "alienation" of "working body" under the joint action of workplace,self and social culture,reveal the dilemma of female managers’ gender role identity in traditional malecentered media organizations and the changes of "new generation" professional women’s gender role identity.The dimension of "new immigrants" combines the transformation of TV workers with the development and innovation of the whole city.As "new immigrants",TV people seek social identity through professional identity,However,there is a crisis in the decline of traditional media.It is a new attempt and exploration of individual development and identity path in the context of urban cultural change and innovation to explore career development path.更多还原