【作者】 张晓红；

【导师】 沈颂东；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 企业管理， 2022， 博士

【副题名】基于环境不确定性视角

【摘要】 环境危机是人类共同面对的全球性问题,在生态环境保护方面,我国政府出台了一系列重大决策,以保障经济和生态的可持续发展。党的第十九次全国代表大会针对保护生态环境制定了若干新目标,中央经济工作会议将碳达峰和碳中和工作列入2021年八项重点任务,要求我国在2030年之前实现碳达峰,并在2060年之前实现碳中和的目标。我国是世界第一制造业大国,制造业带动就业,是国民经济发展的引擎和重要支柱,其产生的工业“三废”也是影响环境的最大因素。在生态环境保护的前提下,实现制造业的可持续发展是我国当前面临的重要问题。普华永道的一份报告显示,中国制造企业平均寿命只有11.1年,超过10年的企业不足45%,说明制造业新创企业成活率较低。近年来我国制造业增加值占GDP的比重下行压力较大,制造业新创企业是制造业发展的持续和新生力量,相较成熟企业而言,新创企业由于“小”而“弱”,普遍存在资源约束以及管理规范度低等问题,而环保实施恰恰需要在环保方面进行更多资源投入,或者在生产管理方面进行约束。因此,如何实现制造业新创企业经济和环境的共赢发展,是可持续发展重点之中的难点,对我国战略意义重大。创业与环境可持续发展并不相互排斥,随着消费者环保意识逐渐提升,以及政府环保政策激励,追求绿色经济增长正成为企业应对环境市场需求的战略性商业机遇。作为兼顾生态环境和经济效益的发展方式,绿色创业得到了广泛的关注。绿色创业导向是绿色战略的体现,是绿色创业的前提,旨在通过引入环保技术、产品和服务,在生产管理过程中实施环保策略,追求既能产生经济效益又能产生生态环境效益的潜在机会。近年来学术界在绿色创业导向研究方面相继产生一些研究成果,但针对绿色创业导向仍存在概念界定不清,维度划分不一,关于绿色创业导向与新创企业绩效的关系尚无定论等问题。其原因是,一方面针对不同行业、不同企业的生命周期阶段,以及不同的外部环境因素,结论有所不同;另一方面绿色创业导向对企业绩效影响的内部作用机制研究不足。本文致力于研究制造业新创企业如何抓住绿色创业机遇,实现发展突围,为制造业新创企业探寻一条绿色发展之路。外部环境变化带来风险的同时也带来机遇,是打破行业固有格局的第一推动因素,是中小微企业迅速发展的契机,研究新创企业发展,需要充分考虑环境不确定性的权变因素。制造业是一个相对成熟行业,新创企业存活和发展需要具备一定优势,绿色创业导向可以帮助新创企业快速抓住绿色商机,赢得先机。基于此,本研究试图充分考虑到环境不确定性的权变因素前提下,深入探究绿色创业导向对制造业新创企业绩效的内在作用机理,试图解决以下问题:第一,制造业新创企业绩效是否受绿色创业导向影响?第二,在绿色创业导向影响新创企业绩效的具体路径中,是否存在一些中介变量或者调节变量?第三,绿色创业导向如何促进新创企业绩效的提升?本研究基于权变理论、创业过程理论、动态能力理论、资源基础理论,以成立八年及以下的制造业新创企业为研究对象,将环境不确定性作为调节变量,引入绿色动态能力和商业模式创新作为中介变量,构建综合研究模型,提出研究假设,通过实证研究方法对684份样本数据进行检验,分析绿色创业导向对制造业新创企业绩效的内在作用机理,深入探讨制造业新创企业如何通过绿色创业导向来实现绩效提升,丰富了绿色创业理论。第一,通过文献梳理与回顾,界定了新创企业绩效、绿色创业导向、绿色动态能力、商业模式创新以及环境不确定性五个变量的内涵和基本维度,并深入探讨了各个变量之间的相互作用关系;第二,建立绿色创业导向对制造业新创企业绩效内部和外部共同影响作用机制综合模型并提出41个假设;第三,通过访谈和预调研分析,对所使用量表进行修订和完善,通过对发放问卷进行收集整理,对样本进行信度、效度和同源方差检验,通过回归分析和Bootstrap等分析方法对假设实证检验。第四,深入剖析研究结果,得出本研究的理论与实践贡献和启示并提出本研究的不足之处,对未来研究的建设性意见。本研究得出下列结论:第一,绿色创业导向直接促进制造业新创企业绩效的提升。绿色创业导向所包含的绿色冒险性、绿色超前行动性、绿色创新性三个维度均显著正向影响新创企业绩效。第二,绿色创业导向通过绿色动态能力间接促进制造业新创企业绩效的提升。绿色创业导向及其三个维度正向影响绿色动态能力。绿色动态能力及其三个维度对新创企业绩效具有显著正向影响,且均起到部分中介作用。第三,绿色创业导向通过商业模式创新间接促进新创企业绩效的提升。绿色创业导向及其三个维度均有效促进商业模式创新。商业模式创新及其两个维度均有效促进新创企业绩效的提升,且均起到部分中介作用。第四,绿色创业导向正向影响制造业新创企业绩效过程中存在绿色动态能力和商业模式创新的链式中介的作用。第五,检验了环境不确定性因素的权变调节作用。环境不确定性及其环境动态性维度,正向调节绿色创业导向与绿色动态能力之间的关系,正向调节绿色创业导向与商业模式创新之间的关系,正向调节绿色动态能力与新创企业绩效之间的关系,正向调节商业模式创新与新创企业绩效之间的关系。而环境复杂性维度则仅正向调节绿色创业导向与绿色动态能力之间的关系。第六,检验了被调节的中介作用。环境不确定性对绿色创业导向通过商业模式创新影响制造业新创企业绩效的间接关系具有正向调节作用,而对绿色创业导向通过绿色动态能力影响制造业新创企业绩效的间接关系不具有调节作用。综上,本研究综合考虑制造业新创企业内外部影响机制,构建绿色创业导向与新创企业绩效关系的整合研究模型,深入分析绿色创业导向对制造业新创企业绩效的直接和间接影响,重点关注其内部实现路径在外部环境不确定性的权变影响下的作用机制,打开了“绿色创业导向—制造业新创企业绩效”发展与转化的“黑箱”。本研究有助于进一步丰富绿色创业理论,为制造业新创企业实施绿色战略提升企业绩效提供实践依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental crisis is a global problem that human beings face together.In terms of ecological environment protection,our government has made a series of major decisions to ensure the sustainable development of economy and ecology.The 19th National Congress of CPC has set a number of new targets for protecting the ecological environment,The Central Economic Work Conference listed peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality as eight key tasks in 2021,requiring China to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.China is the largest manufacturing country in the world.Manufacturing industry drives employment and is the engine and important pillar of national economic development.Its industrial "three wastes" are also the biggest factors that affect the environment.On the premise of ecological environment protection,realizing the sustainable development of manufacturing industry is an important issue facing China at present.According to a report by Pricewaterhouse Coopers,the average life span of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is only 11.1 years,and less than 45% of enterprises with more than 10 years,which shows that the survival rate of new manufacturing enterprises is low.In recent years,the added value of China’s manufacturing industry as a proportion of GDP has a great downward pressure.Manufacturing new ventures are the continuous and new force of manufacturing development.Compared with mature enterprises,new ventures are "small" and "weak",and there are widespread problems such as resource constraints and low management standards.However,the implementation of environmental protection just needs to invest more resources in environmental protection.Or in terms of production management.Therefore,how to achieve win-win development of economy and environment of manufacturing new enterprises is a difficult point in the focus of sustainable development,which is of great strategic significance to China.Entrepreneurship and environmental sustainable development are not mutually exclusive.With the gradual improvement of consumers’ awareness of environmental protection and the encouragement of government environmental protection policies,the pursuit of green economic growth is becoming a strategic business opportunity for enterprises to meet the needs of the environmental market.As a development mode that takes into account the ecological environment and economic benefits,green entrepreneurship has received extensive attention.Green entrepreneurship orientation is the embodiment of green strategy and the premise of green entrepreneurship.It aims at implementing environmental protection strategy in the process of production management by introducing environmental protection technologies,products and services,and pursuing potential opportunities that can not only generate economic benefits but also generate ecological and environmental benefits.In recent years,academic circles have produced some research results in the research of green entrepreneurship orientation.However,there are still some problems about green entrepreneurial orientation,such as unclear definition of concept,different dimension division and inconclusive relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance.The reason is that,on the one hand,the conclusions are different for different industries,different life cycle stages of different enterprises and different external environmental factors;On the other hand,the research on the internal mechanism of the impact of green entrepreneurial orientation on enterprise performance is insufficient.This paper is devoted to studying how to seize the opportunity of green entrepreneurship,realize the breakthrough of development,and explore a green development path for new manufacturing enterprises.The external environment changes bring risks as well as opportunities.It is the first driving factor to break the inherent pattern of the industry and the opportunity for the rapid development of small,medium and micro enterprises.Studying the development of new ventures,The contingency factors of environmental uncertainty need to be fully considered.Manufacturing industry is a mature industry,and the survival and development of new enterprises need to have certain advantages.Green entrepreneurship orientation can help new enterprises quickly seize green business opportunities and win the first opportunity.Based on this,under the premise of fully considering the contingency factors of environmental uncertainty,This paper probes into the intrinsic mechanism of green entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of manufacturing new ventures,and tries to solve the following problems: First,is the performance of manufacturing new ventures affected by green entrepreneurial orientation? Second,how does green entrepreneurship orientation promote the new venture performance?Thirdly,in the specific path that green entrepreneurship orientation affects the new venture performance,Are there any intermediary variables or adjustment variables?Based on contingency theory,entrepreneurial process theory,dynamic capability theory and resource-based theory,this study takes manufacturing new ventures established for eight years or less as the research object,takes environmental uncertainty as the regulating variable,introduces green dynamic capability and business model innovation as the intermediary variables to build an integrated research model,and puts forward research assumptions.Through empirical research,684 sample data are tested,and the intrinsic mechanism of green entrepreneurship orientation on the performance of manufacturing new ventures is analyzed,and probes into how to improve the performance of manufacturing new ventures through green entrepreneurship orientation,which enriches the theory of green entrepreneurship.First,by combing and reviewing the literature,The connotation and basic dimensions of five variables,namely,new venture performance,green entrepreneurial orientation,green dynamic capability,business model innovation and environmental uncertainty,are defined,and the interaction among these variables is deeply discussed.Secondly,a comprehensive model of the internal and external influence mechanism of green entrepreneurship orientation on the new venture performance is established and 41 hypotheses are put forward.Third,Through interviews and pre-research analysis,the scale used was revised and improved.Through collecting and sorting out questionnaires,the reliability,validity and homologous variance of samples were tested,and the hypothesis was empirically tested by regression analysis and Bootstrap.Fourthly,deeply analyze the research results,Get the theoretical and practical contribution and enlightenment of this study,and put forward the shortcomings of this study and constructive suggestions for future research.The research draws the following conclusions: First,green entrepreneurship orientation directly promotes the performance improvement of manufacturing new ventures.The three dimensions of green entrepreneurship orientation,such as green risk-taking,green initiative and green innovation,all significantly positively influence the new venture performance.Second,green entrepreneurship orientation indirectly promotes the performance improvement of manufacturing new ventures through green dynamic capabilities.Green entrepreneurial orientation and its three dimensions positively influence green dynamic capability.Green dynamic capability and its three dimensions have a significant positive impact on the new venture performance,and all of them play a partial intermediary role.Third,green entrepreneurship orientation indirectly promotes the new venture performance through business model innovation.Green entrepreneurship orientation and its three dimensions can effectively promote business model innovation.Business model innovation and its two dimensions can effectively promote the new venture performance,and both of them play a partial intermediary role.Fourthly,the green entrepreneurial orientation positively affects the performance of manufacturing new ventures,and there is a chain intermediary role of green dynamic capability and business model innovation.Fifthly,the contingency adjustment function of environmental uncertainty factors is tested.The dimension of environmental uncertainty and its environmental dynamics positively regulates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and green dynamic capabilities;positively regulates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and business model innovation;positively regulates the relationship between green dynamic capabilities and new venture performance;positively moderates the relationship between business model innovation and new venture performance.The environmental complexity dimension only positively moderates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and green dynamic capabilities.Sixth,the mediating effect of moderation was examined.Environmental uncertainty has a positive moderating effect on the indirect relationship that green entrepreneurial orientation affects the performance of manufacturing new ventures through business model innovation,but does not moderate the indirect relationship that green entrepreneurial orientation affects the performance of manufacturing new ventures through green dynamic capabilities effect.To sum up,this study comprehensively considers the internal and external influence mechanism of manufacturing new ventures,builds an integrated research model of the relationship between green entrepreneurship orientation and new venture performance,deeply analyzes the direct and indirect influence of green entrepreneurship orientation on the performance of manufacturing new ventures,and focuses on the mechanism of its internal realization path under the contingency influence of external environment uncertainty.It has opened the "black box" for the development and transformation of "green entrepreneurship orientation-manufacturing new venture performance".This study is helpful to further enrich the theory of green entrepreneurship,and provide practical basis for new manufacturing enterprises to implement green strategy and improve enterprise performance.更多还原