【作者】 龚敏；

【导师】 钱建状；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 明末清初词是词史中的重要一环,有关研究虽然已经极为丰硕,但是从日常生活角度切入研究的论著,仍然寥寥无几。事实上,广泛地表现日常生活是明末清初词的一个显著特征。在唐宋以迄明中期的词中,描写平凡琐碎的日常生活的作品虽然也有,但是一直要到明末清初,在词体复兴的大趋势下,才更加普遍和明显。基于此,本文共设如下六章:第一章总论词在明末清初的日常化。词发展到明末清初,呈现出类似宋诗日常化的特质。与之前的词人相比,明末清初词人选题时所涉及的日常生活远为广泛,书写时也更加精细,他们运用各种书写策略,将庸实的日常生活转化成了美学对象,赋予其丰富的审美内涵。词的日常化,是明末清初商品经济的繁荣、享乐思潮的泛滥、科举制度的壅塞、词体的诗化、诗坛的学宋风尚等众多因素综合作用的结果,是对明代中期以来艳情题材的反拨,是词体文学的一次自救运动。第二章以食物、茶、女性服饰为代表,研究明末清初的物质生活词。对于“旧食物”题材,明末清初词人取法宋诗,将日常经验注入词中,用更多的篇幅、更细致的笔法来描写烹饪过程、食用方式和味觉感受,通过文学性的书写和想象,将不为人注意的平凡琐碎变成了审美对象。对于“新食物”题材,他们一方面从食物名字上演绎,从与之相似的旧食物身上借用典故,丰富了食物的文化内涵,另一方面以食物为媒介,通过建立过去我与现在我、食物与人、食物与社会之间的联系,促进了词人物质生活与精神层面的互动。明清的炒青制茶方式、瀹茶饮茶方式过程简化,书写空间缩小,且作为新生事物,缺少诗意沉淀,是以明末清初茶词多拟效唐宋茶文学,从经典中取材。在拟古过程中,“拍茶”、“茶碾”、“茶磨”、“茶臼”、“煎茶”、“点茶”等唐宋茶事中的专业术语,在明末清初茶词中发生了意义转变。明末清初词人对众多的日常事物都持有审美和赏玩的心态,女性服饰也不例外。他们用词体文学将女性服饰之美展现得淋漓尽致,其中最为出色的书写策略有两种,一是效仿《诗经·绿衣》在服饰描写中引入情感,二是学习汉乐府《陌上桑》在服饰描写中塑造形象。第三章以构园、旅游、插花为代表,研究明末清初的逸乐生活词。寓园词的书写者可以分为戚族词人、同里词友和异地词客。诸人在寓园中身份的不同,使寓园词呈现出以祁彪佳为主抒发隐逸之乐的自怡型写作,以张岱为首颂扬园主、称赞园景的社交型写作,以孙光烈为代表称颂中融入个人情志的互动型写作,以及商景兰将丧夫之痛和亡国之悲融为一体的凭吊型写作。明末清初的联章体纪游词,通过篇幅的扩充,为词人丰富内容和展现技巧提供了必要的空间,弥补了词体裁短小无法全面纪录旅游活动的缺憾。明末清初的联章体纪游词或受南宋以来的杂咏风土诗影响,发展到一定规模时往往自成一集,这意味着词人在明末清初将词诗化,以此进入了一种崭新的写作状态。明末清初的瓶花词,一方面沿袭宋代瓶花词的写法,用瓶花意象表现闺怨,另一方面,也开始用瓶花来展示文人真趣。瓶花在明末清初融入了富有诗意的传统意象群,成为构建文雅词境的一分子。受瓶花理论发展的影响,明末清初瓶花词的书写十分精细,而且出现了探讨插花理论的词。第四、五、六章分别选取李渔、陈维崧和朱彝尊作个案研究。李渔将日常生活题材引入词中,作为词体创新的策略,又将戏剧创作的手法融入词中,以词的形式将日常生活描写得富有机趣,由此开拓出新的词境,在词史上自成一格。陈维崧的亲情词数量极多,其亲情词之上等具有沉雄跌宕、气魄绝大的特点。在具体写作中,陈维崧运用了诸多技巧,而使其亲情词在整体上更进一层的是“以气达情”。朱彝尊一生饕口馋舌,其由俭至奢、嗜酒尚异的饮食作风是当时社会饮食潮流的缩影。从其饮食特点出发,可以论证署名朱彝尊的《食宪鸿秘》是伪作。朱彝尊后期的饮食词,具有题材扩大化、书写精细化的特点,在词史上具有开拓意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Ci poetry of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties is important in the history of Ci.Although the research in this area has been very fruitful,there are still few researches that study Ci poetry from the perspective of daily life.In fact,expressing daily life extensively is a significant feature of late Ming and early Qing dynasties Ci poetry.Although Ci poetry from Tang and Song dynasties to the middle of Ming Dynasty also describe ordinary and trivial daily life,this is a characteristic more common of Ci composed during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.Based on this,this paper consists of the following six chapters:The first chapter summarizes the daily life presented by the late Ming and early Qing Ci.The kind of Ci poetry that developed by the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing dynasty shows characteristics similar to the daily life presented by Song poetry.Compared with the previous Ci,the selection of daily life’s topics by poets in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was far more extensive,and the writing was more elaborate.They used various writing strategies to transform the mediocrity of daily life into aesthetic objects and give them rich aesthetic connotation.Endow it with rich aesthetic connotation.The presence of daily life in Ci poetry was the result of the combined effect of many factors such as the prosperity of commodity economy,the flood of hedonism,the blocking of imperial examination system,the poeticization of the Ci style and the revival of Song dynasty poetry style,was a backwash of erotic themes since the mid Ming dynasty and a self-rescue movement of Ci poetry literature.The second chapter is about the material life words in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,which is represented by food,tea and women’s clothing.For the theme of "old food",the poets of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties adopted Song poems and injected daily experience into the words,describing the cooking process,eating way and taste feeling with more space and more detailed writing methods.Through literary writing and imagination,ordinary trivial things that were not noticed became aesthetic objects.For the theme of "new food",they deduced from the name of food,on the one hand borrowing allusions from the old food similar to them,enriching the cultural connotation of food;on the other hand,they used food as the medium to promote the interaction between the material life and spiritual level of Ci poetry people by establishing the relationship between me and me,food and people,food and Ci poetry in the past.The process of making and drinking tea in Ming and Qing dynasties was simplified,the writing space was reduced,and as a new thing,it lacked poetic precipitation,so the tea words in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties imitated the tea literature of the Tang and Song dynasties,drawing materials from the classics.In the process of imitating ancient times,the professional terms in the Tang and Song dynasties such as "taking tea","tea grinding","tea grinding","tea mortar","frying tea",etc.,occurred in words related to tea culture in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.The poets of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties had an aesthetic and playful attitude towards many daily things,and women’s clothing is no exception.They used Ci poetry to show the beauty of women’s clothing vividly.There were two best writing strategies.One was to imitate the "Book of Songs·Green Clothes" to introduce emotions in the description of clothing,and the other was to learn from the Han Yuefu "Mo Shang Sang" creating images in the description of clothing.The third chapter is about the study of the leisure life words in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,which is represented by the garden,tourism and flower arrangement.The writers of the garden were divided into Qi people,Tongli Ci poetry friends and foreigner Ci writers.The different identities of the people in the garden make the poems of the garden show a self-contained writing with Qi Biaojia as the mainstay expressing the joy of seclusion,with Zhang Dai as the head of the social writing that praised the garden owner and the garden scenery,and Sun Guanglie as the representative of an interactive writing that incorporates personal sentiments,and Shang Jinglan’s writing that combined the pain of loss and the grief of subjugation.The expansion of the length of the couplet style of travel in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty provides the necessary space for the Ci poetry people to enrich their content and display skills,making up for the shortcomings of the short genre that could not fully record tourism activities.The combination of prose and poems in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties could be influenced by the miscellaneous poems of the Southern Song dynasty,that often formed a collection when they reached a certain scale,meaning that the Ci poets in late Ming and early Qing dynasties entered a new writing state.The words related to vase of flowers in the late Ming and early Qing,on the one hand followed the writing of the Song Dynasty vases and used vase images to express grievances.On the other hand,they began to show the literati’s real interest with vase of flowers.In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,the vase of flowers blended into the poetic traditional image group,becoming a part of the construction of the elegant poetry environment.Affected by the development of vase flower theory,the writing of vase flower poems in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was very delicate,and there appeared words to discuss the theory of flowers arrangement.The fourth,fifth and sixth chapters respectively take Li Yu,Chen Weisong and Zhu Yizun as case studies.Li Yu introduced the theme of daily life into the ci,as a strategy of ci style innovation,and integrated the technique of drama creation into the ci,describing the daily life in the form of words full of fun,thus opening up a new situation of words and forming a unique style in the history of Ci poetry.Chen Weisong had a large number of kinship words,and his affectionate words were characterized by ups and downs and great spirit.In his Ci poetry writing,Chen Weisong used many skills,and his kinship words have been further integrated into"reaching emotion with spirit".Zhu Yizun had been gluttonous all his life,and his dietary style ranging from frugality to luxury and alcoholism is the epitome of social dietary trends at that time.From the perspective of its food characteristics,it can be proved that the "Shi Xian Hongmi" signed by Zhu Yizun is a fake.Zhu Yizun’s later diet poetry has the characteristics of enlarged subject matter and refined writing,which has pioneering significance in the history of poetry.更多还原