【作者】 张华；

【导师】 方千华； 杨海晨；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 “遂溪醒狮”不仅是南派舞狮的典型性代表,而且是我国优秀传统民俗文化的重要组成部分,它凝聚着当地民众对传统的生活文化、生产文化、宗教信仰文化的历史记忆。本研究采用文献资料、实地考察、访谈与口述史等研究方法,从共生理论视角,对遂溪醒狮文化与其他传统文化的共生缘起、共生环境、共生相变过程进行考察。并在此基础上,从“与谁共生?如何共生?共生何以可能?”等三个方面,对遂溪醒狮文化共生系统的共生机制进行解构,并推演出遂溪醒狮文化存续的内在逻辑。然后沿着这一逻辑,结合历史性与时代性特征,提出了遂溪醒狮文化在新时代的发展思路。旨在通过对遂溪醒狮文化的存续机制与发展路径的研究,为我国其他民俗体育项目的传承与发展提供借鉴。研究结果如下:一、独特的自然与社会环境是遂溪醒狮文化形成与特色化发展的外部条件。遂溪醒狮中的“遂溪”不是指当前的遂溪县,而是文化意义上的“遂溪”。自然环境方面,遂溪夏季温度高且时间跨度较长,为户外开展的民俗体育活动提供了便利条件;频繁的雷雨、台风等自然灾害促使带有图腾性质的狮文化与醒狮文化的形成。经济环境方面,多样化的经济发展方式为遂溪醒狮文化的特色化发展提供了丰富的素材。社会文化环境方面,遂溪具有半渔半农的海洋文化、中原基因的移民文化、聚族而居的宗族文化、错综复杂的宗教文化等社会文化特点,这也为遂溪醒狮文化打上了特色化发展的文化烙印。可以说,遂溪地区独特自然、经济与文化环境成为醒狮文化的特色化发展必要条件。二、遂溪醒狮文化的缘起与发展体现了醒狮与“狮之意象”的一体化共生。我国历史上并不产狮子,民间对真实的狮子不甚了解。中国狮文化中的狮子,在形象上,是经过中国传统文化改造的狮子形象,甚至是先民们根据自己的意愿想象出的狮子的“审美意象”;在精神上,人们崇拜和认同的狮子是趋吉辟邪的狮子的“神灵意象”。可以说,人们对“意象之狮”的崇拜也许是推动我国的舞狮文化形成与发展的一个最为重要的原因。舞狮发展过程中衍生出的神话故事不仅强化了狮子的“神灵意象”,而且增添了舞狮文化的神秘色彩,推动着舞狮文化与“狮之意象”共生的紧密程度。早期遂溪舞狮存在多种形态,其中矮脚狮是“遂溪醒狮”的原型。遂溪醒狮从“舞狮”到“醒狮”称谓上的改变,为醒狮文化赋予了具有爱国情意的“政治意象”,为此,醒狮文化具有了更高层次的价值诉求。三、遂溪醒狮文化的兴衰演变是醒狮文化与其他传统文化共生态的相变过程。遂溪醒狮文化的发展历程呈现出了相对复杂的兴衰交替的阶段性特征。立足近现代中国的历史环境与社会环境,结合遂溪醒狮文化发展的速度与规模等时代特征,将遂溪醒狮文化的发展过程划分为隆冬岁月(清末-1949)、乍暖还寒(1950-1978年)、料峭春风(1979-1999年)、百花齐放(1996-2006年)、金秋时节(2007年至今)等五个阶段。清末至新中国成立,醒狮文化在与驱除鞑虏、保国安民的“政治意象”共生中“兴”起来,反映了遂溪醒狮人所具有的国家兴亡、匹夫有责的家国情怀。解放初期,醒狮活动昙花一现,随后开始受到限制,“文革”期间,醒狮活动基本处于停滞状态。改革开放后,醒狮文化在与人们的精神生活共生中“复兴”起来,表达了遂溪醒狮人对美好精神生活的向往。上世纪90年代中期,醒狮文化在与重塑中国精神的“政治意象”共生中“强”起来,表现出醒狮人刚健有为、自强不息的人文精神。2007年“申遗”之后,醒狮文化在与经济共生中“富”起来。当下,醒狮队伍的商业化、竞技化、村落化发展方向分化明显,村落化发展促使醒狮活动得以普及,竞技化发展促进技术水平的提高,商业化发展推动着醒狮成为人们文化致富的经济增长点,充分发挥了醒狮文化的经济开发功能。四、与其他传统文化的融合共生是遂溪醒狮文化存续的内部机制。遂溪醒狮文化不是一种独立的存在,在其发展历程中与其他传统文化之间形成了遂溪醒狮文化共生系统。通过对系统内部“与谁共生?如何共生?共生何以可能?”等基本问题进行分析,推演出遂溪醒狮文化形成与存续的客观规律性。调研中发现,遂溪醒狮文化与遂溪的传统生活文化、生产文化、宗教信仰文化、以及其他非物质文化之间存在着共生关系。按照共生单元之间的组织紧密程度与共生单元之间的利益分配方式,遂溪醒狮文化与其他传统文化之间的共生模式分为两种:一是表达共生结合紧密程度的“点共生、间歇共生、连续共生和一体化共生”等共生组织模式;二是表达共生利益分配方式的“寄生、偏利共生、互惠共生”等共生行为模式。通过分析,遂溪醒狮文化与其他传统文化的共生需具备几个条件:1)共生单元之间的质参量兼容、共生单元之间有可供借助的共生界面作为共生的必要条件;2)遂溪醒狮文化共生系统要获得充分发展还必须具有正向的共生环境以及信息丰度大于临界值;3)只有满足共生维度、共生密度的均衡才可获得共生系统的均衡发展;4)遂溪醒狮文化共生系统的长期稳定发展还需要满足共生对象结构均衡及共生利益分配均衡。五、重塑遂溪醒狮文化的新生路径必须遵循文化发展的客观规律。遂溪醒狮文化共生系统的重塑需从四个方面着手,首先,营造正向共生环境,促进遂溪醒狮文化共生系统健康发展。营造正向共生环境,需要加强政府、其他社会组织、传承人、村落精英等四个主体的联动;尊重传统的生产生活文化、守护原始宗教文化、传承传统武术文化、完善教育支持体系、完善法律支持体系等五项内容结合,并落实在具体措施之中。其次,拓展共生关系,实现互惠共生。需要重构传统文化中的共生关系,开拓现代文化中的共生关系。再次,推进民间组织转型,适应新生关系。处理好政府管理组织与民间组织的关系,明确民间组织多元化、规范化、村落化的转型目标,实现村落松散组织的生活化、非正式企业组织的均衡化、正式企业组织的规范化等发展方向。最后,重视文化传播,提高信息丰度。在传播主体方面坚持政府主导、社会参与,完善传承人传播的管理制度;在传播对象方面要立足当下、着眼未来;在传播内容方面突出实践传播、深化理论传播;在传播形式方面突破局限、勇于创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Suixi lion dance” is a typical representative of the southern school lion dance,which is a part of China’s traditional folk culture and embodies the local people’s historical memory of traditional life culture,production culture and religious belief culture.In this study,from the perspective of symbiosis theory,the origin and early development of the symbiosis system of suixi xingshi culture,the historical and geographical environment,and the process of symbiosis phase change were investigated using literature,field investigation,interview,oral history and other research methods.And on this basis,from "who symbiosis? How symbiosis? How is symbiosis possible?" This paper deconstructs the symbiosis mechanism between suixi xingshi culture and other traditional cultures with the framework of symbiosis theory.Then,according to the inherent logic of the traditional suixi lion dance culture,combined with the historical and contemporary characteristics,this paper puts forward the development ideas of suixi lion dance in the new era.This paper aims to provide references for the inheritance and development of other folk sports in China through the study on the survival mechanism and development path of suixi xingshi culture.The research results are as follows:I.unique natural,economic and cultural environment characteristics provide external conditions and guarantee for the formation and characteristic development of the symbiotic system of suixi xingshi culture.Based on the analysis of the changes of suixi county,the survival space of suixi xingshi is not limited to the current jurisdiction of suixi county.Based on this,the concept of "cultural suixi" is proposed to expand the survival space of suixi xingshi culture to the whole suixi county,leizhou,xuwen,lianjiang,wuchuan and other counties and cities.From the analysis of economic environment,suixi xingshi culture has thick red earth culture,rich Marine culture and strong commercial atmosphere.In terms of social and cultural environment,the ever-rich immigrant culture in leizhou peninsula endows suixi xingshi culture with typical village cultural connotation,strong clan cultural characteristics of "gathering the tribes to live together",and intricate cultural characteristics of folk religious beliefs.Ii.The sources of the suixi xinglion culture symbiotic system have a close relationship with the Chinese lion culture.Lion culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture,has become the symbol of the Chinese nation,but in our country of the lion is through the transformation of Chinese traditional culture,the lion,even the imagination of the lion,worship of the holy spirit of the lion,reflects the "lion" culture identity,an aspect that may be the origin of the lion dance culture.Lion dance culture in China maintained a mysticism colour,about the origin of lion dance culture,opinions vary,deduce the various myths and legends and folk tales,in fact,less Sui Xi lion dance activities of historical records,emperor guangxu years recorded in "Chinese" shuixi content displayed in the late qing dynasty years Sui Xi lion dance activities have been more widespread,mainly include short feet lion,high lions,two kinds of technology form,both lion dance technology spread so far,including short feet lion for the prototype of the modern "Sui Xi lion dancing".The change from "lion dance" to "lion dance" was made after the May 30 massacre in 1925.The name of "sleeping lion" was changed to "lion dance" in guangdong,which had the same pronunciation with "sleeping lion" in cantonese.Iii.The symbiotic phase change process of the symbiotic system of suixi xingshi culture is characterized by distinct stages.Sui Xi historical development course of the awakening culture revealed a relatively complex alternating rise and fall of stage characteristics,based on the history of modern Chinese environment and social environment,combining Sui Xi the awakening of great influence in the course of events,the Sui Xi the awakening culture of the historical development process is divided into winter days(the late qing dynasty-1949),the soil(1950-1978),in spring breeze(1979-1999),(1996-)before the support of all flowers in bloom,autumn season(support)and so on five stages;From the perspective of the performance form and technical system evolution of the lion dance,the first three stages can be called the traditional development stage,and the latter two stages can be called the modern development stage.The forms of cultural existence,the general situation of lion dance organization and the cultural functions of each stage show obvious characteristics of The Times.Iv.The integration and symbiosis with other traditional cultures is the internal mechanism for the survival of the symbiosis system of suixi xingshi culture.Suixi xingshi culture is neither independent nor dependent on other cultures.Under certain symbiotic conditions,there are different modes of symbiotic relations between suixi xingshi culture and other traditional cultures,forming the symbiotic system of suixi xingshi culture.Based on the theoretical analysis framework of symbiosis,this paper deconstructs the symbiotic system of suixi xingshi culture from three aspects--symbiotic unit(i.e.symbiotic subject),symbiotic mode(i.e.symbiotic relationship)and symbiotic conditions.“How symbiosis? How is symbiosis possible?” This paper analyzes the basic problems and explores the objective laws of the formation and survival of suixi xingshi culture.Fifth,the new path of reshaping suixi xingshi culture must follow the objective law of cultural development.The reconstruction of symbiosis should be started from four aspects.First,a positive symbiotic environment should be created to promote the healthy development of the symbiotic system of suixi xingshi culture.On the main body,strengthen the linkage of the four main bodies;Content,pay attention to the five content combination;And in the implementation of specific measures.Second,expand symbiotic relations to achieve mutualism.The expansion of symbiosis can be divided into two steps:the reconstruction of symbiosis in traditional culture and the exploration of symbiosis in modern culture.Third,promote the transformation of civil organizations to adapt to the new relationship.We should properly handle the relationship between government management organizations and non-governmental organizations,make clear the transformation goals of diversification,standardization and villagization of non-governmental organizations,and realize the development direction of loose village organizations in daily life,balanced informal enterprise organizations and standardized formal enterprise organizations.Finally,pay attention to cultural communication,improve the abundance of information.As for the subject of communication,the government should take the lead and the society should participate.In terms of communication objects,we should focus on the present and the future.In the aspect of communication content,practice communication should be emphasized and theory communication should be deepened.Break through limitations and make innovations in communication forms.更多还原