【作者】 陈硕；

【导师】 梅洪元；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 2019年中国进入了高等教育普及化时代,借鉴欧美发达国家高等教育的发展规律,高等教育空间与设施将成为城市中日益重要的角色,并将进一步突出以使用者为中心的空间营造。同时,我国快速的城镇化进程加剧了对能源和自然资源的超常规利用,在倡导资源节约型和环境友好型社会的总体要求下,针对大学校园的设计、建造与管理,国家教育部发展规划司与住房和城乡建设部提出了以节能、节地、节水、节材为核心的绿色校园设计导则,为大学校园的建设指出了明确的方向。然而,在我国寒冷地区,大学校园需要以更高的能源代价抵御严酷的自然气候,对于自然资源、土地资源粗放的利用模式亟待改善,设计重点需要从强调功能分区、整体形式逐步转向以人为本的空间品质提升。本文引入了群体智能的机制与研究方法。自然界中大量社会性生物个体通过协作,实现对外部环境的灵活适应以及对生存资源的高效利用,趋利避害,以最小的代价实现种群的延续与进化,契合了寒地大学校园适应寒地环境、优化资源配置、自我空间完善的发展需求。基于生物学、社会学以及计算机科学的交叉学科研究,提取群体智能的作用机制作为指导寒地大学校园品质提升的理论依据,构建系统的设计框架。结合实证分析、动态群体智能仿真、社会网络分析、多目标优化等方法,提出寒地大学校园设计方法,为进一步提升寒地大学校园的适应性、集约性以及人本性提供设计理论依据及数据支撑。研究从寒地大学校园的品质解析出发,在精神层面上,寒地大学校园的品质主要受到时代背景、教育理念与地域文化的影响,是校园物质空间营造的思想内核,研究重点关注寒地大学校园的物质层面品质,从校园设计的角度解构为场地品质、功能品质与空间品质,构成了基本的研究框架。基于新时期我国高等教育事业在人才培养过程中的主要需求,提出了寒地大学校园品质应以提升校园环境质量、适应多元教学模式以及校园空间的人本回归为主要提升方向。进而结合现状调研,借鉴城市设计的系统设计理论框架,提出了校园场地的生态组织、校园功能的交叉共享以及校园空间的健康可持续为品质的提升目标。同时,研究从生物智能、人工智能与计算智能三个层面解析了群体智能的现象、机制以及方法与应用。将群体智能的应变、协作与进化机制引入到寒地大学校园品质提升设计中,提出了校园场地应变、功能协作以及空间迭代优化的设计框架。对寒地大学校园设计方法的探索围绕场地、功能和空间三个系统展开。首先,在群体应变机制的启发下,建立开放式的动态群体智能仿真模型,加载校园场地的地形、地势与景观条件,进行人群行为感应的协同仿真,实现场地路径的应变生成,并结合实证研究提出顺应地势、回应需求以及优化体验的校园场地协同设计方法。其次,以群体协作的视角,建构以社会网络为协作方式的寒地大学校园功能系统,基于对冬季寒地大学校园使用者行为模式的调研,使用社会网络分析的方法建立寒地大学校园功能网络,对使用人群对寒地大学校园功能的差异化需求进行量化分析,进而提出功能节点的混合赋能、功能模块的优化配置以及功能网络的有机生长的设计方法。最后,将生物群体的进化机制引入到寒地大学校园空间的优化设计中,建构参数化多目标优化流程,加载进化算法,对寒地大学校园组团进行外部空间微气候优化迭代,得到建筑形态控制性指标优化取值范围,并结合项目实践和工程案例,提出了寒地大学校园外部空间的适候优化、建筑空间的节能优化和单一空间的共享优化设计方法。本文基于新时期我国寒地大学校园发展的需求与挑战,将群体智能机制与方法引入到寒地大学校园的品质提升研究中,探索了一系列研究方法在大学校园设计中的应用,提出了寒地大学校园品质提升的设计框架与设计方法,期望为寒地大学校园的品质提升提供新的理论平台与设计启发。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2019,China has entered the era of popularization of higher education.Learning from the development law of higher education in developed countries in Europe and the United States,higher education space and facilities will become an increasingly important role in the city,and will further highlight the construction of user-centered space.At the same time,China’s rapid urbanization process intensifies the unconventional use of energy and natural resources.Under the overall requirements of advocating a resource-saving and environmental friendly society,the development and Planning Department of the Ministry of education and the Ministry of housing and urban rural development of the people’s Republic of China put forward the green campus design guidelines with energy saving,land saving,water saving and material saving as the core which points out the clear direction for the construction of university campus.However,in China’s cold regions,university campuses need to resist the harsh natural climate with higher energy costs.The extensive utilization mode of natural resources and land needs to be improved.The design focus needs to gradually shift from emphasizing functional zoning and overall form to improving the space quality of user-oriented.This paper introduces the mechanism and research method of swarm intelligence.In nature,a large number of social biological individuals through cooperation,to achieve flexible adaptation to the external environment and efficient use of living resources,pursue advantages and avoid disadvantages,realize the continuation and evolution of the population at the minimum c ost,which is in line with the development needs of cold region university campus to adapt to the cold environment,optimize resource allocation and improve itself.Based on the interdisciplinary research of biology,sociology and computer science,the action mechanism of swarm intelligence is extracted as the theoretical basis to guide the quality improvement of university campus in cold regions,and the design framework of the system is constructed.Combined with the methods of empirical analysis,dynamic swarm intelligence simulation,social network analysis and multi-objective optimization,design methods for cold university campus are proposed,which provides theoretical basis and data support for further improving the adaptability,intensification and humanity of university campus in cold regions.Based on the analysis of the quality of the campus in cold regions,in the spiritual level,the quality of the cold university campus is mainly affected by the background of the times,educational philosophy and regional culture,which is the ideological core of the construction of the campus material space.The research focuses on the material quality of the university campus in cold regions,and deconstructs it into site quality,function quality and space quality from the perspective of campus design,which constitutes the basic research framework.Based on the main needs of higher education in the process of personnel training in the new era,this paper puts forward that the main direction of imp roving the campus quality in cold regions is to improve the quality of campus environment,adapt to multiple teaching modes and the humanity of campus space.Then,combined with the campus investigation,drawing on the theoretical framework of urban system design,the ecological organization of campus site,the cross sharing of campus functions and the healthy and sustainable campus space are proposed as the quality improvement objectives.At the same time,the research analyzes the phenomenon,mechanism,method and application of swarm intelligence from three aspects of biological intelligence,artificial intelligence and computational intelligence.The strain,cooperation and evolution mechanism of swarm intelligence are introduced into the campus quality improvement design of cold region University,and the design framework of campus site strain,functional cooperation and spatial iterative optimization is proposed.The exploration of campus design method in cold regions focus on three systems: site,function and space.First of all,inspired by the swarm response mechanism,an open dynamic swarm intelligence simulation model is established to load the site,terrain and landscape conditions of the campus site to carry out the collaborative simulation of crowd behavior induction,so as to realize the strain generation of the site path.Combined with the empirical study,the collaborative design method of campus site that adapts to the terrain,responds to the needs and optimizes the experience is proposed.Secondly,from the perspective of group cooperation,this paper constructs the campus function system of cold region university with social network as the cooperation mode.Based on the research on the behavior mode of users in winter cold area university campus,this paper uses the method of social network analysis to establish the functional network of cold university campus,and makes a quantitative analysis of the users’ demand for the different function of university campus in cold regions of China,and the design methods of hybrid enabling of points,optimal configuration of functional modules and organic growth of functional network are proposed.Finally,the evolutionary mechanism of biological community is introduced into the optimization design of campus space in cold region University.The parameterized multi-objective optimization process is constructed and the evolutionary algorithm is loaded.The optimization iteration of microclimate in the external space of the campus cluster in cold region is carried out,and the optimal value range of architectural shape control index is obtained.Combined with project practice and engineering case,the design recommendation of external space in cold university campus is proposed.The design methods are put forward including the climate optimization of space,energy saving optimization of building space and sharing optimization design method of single space.Based on the needs and challenges of the development of campus in cold regions of China in the new period,this paper introduces the mechanism and method of swarm intelligence into the research on the quality improvement of university campus in cold regions,explores the application of a series of research methods,and puts forward the design framework and design method of improving the quality,hoping to provide a new way for the quality improvement of university campus in cold regions on theoretical platform and design inspiration.更多还原