【作者】 刘慧；

【导师】 高新伟；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 管理科学与工程， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 海洋油气资源作为国家的重要战略性资源,其开发在促进经济发展的同时,也造成了较严重的生态环境损害。近年来,随着开发力度的日益加大,日常开发及突发性海洋溢油事故造成的生态损害呈加重趋势。然而,由于海洋油气资源的外部性、生态系统服务价值评估的复杂性以及生态保护的结构性政策缺位,海洋油气资源开发明显存在政府失灵和市场失灵,政府、市场以及社会多方统筹协调的生态补偿机制尚未建立,导致海洋油气资源开发的生态环境代价无法得到有效补偿。如何协调海洋油气资源开发与海洋生态环境的关系,在海洋经济快速发展过程中,及时有效地进行海洋油气资源开发的生态补偿,推进海洋生态环境的保护与建设,成为我国生态文明建设进程中不容回避和亟待解决的重要问题。论文以外部性理论、生态系统服务理论、生态价值理论和可持续发展理论为理论依据,综合运用情景分析、案例分析和博弈分析的方法,围绕“评估——设计——实施”三个层面加强海洋油气资源开发的生态补偿机制建设。首先,生态损害是生态补偿的前提,在客观分析海洋油气资源开发造成的生态损害的基础上,分情景分类型构建相应的补偿价值评估框架、指标和模型,并分别将模型运用到具体的案例研究中,深入解决补偿机制的核心问题“海洋油气资源开发的生态补偿价值评估”;其次,对补偿机制进行有效设计,明确海洋油气资源开发生态补偿机制的构成要素,揭示构成要素之间的相互关系。最终,为保障海洋油气资源开发生态补偿机制的有效运行,从财政支持、市场运作、多元监管和法律保障方面提出补偿机制的具体实施路径,以期促进海洋油气资源的合理开发和海洋生态环境的有效保护。通过系统分析,论文主要完成了三方面研究:一是区分了海洋油气资源日常开发和突发性溢油事故的不同情景,分情景分类型构建了海洋油气资源开发生态补偿价值的评估模型,并分别进行典型案例的研究与运用,对不同情景和类型下的评估框架、指标、方法以及评估结果予以说明和解释;二是形成了海洋油气资源开发生态补偿机制的清晰设计,明确界定和分析了构成要素,揭示了补偿主体间的利益博弈关系和要素间的相互关系;三是深入研究了海洋油气资源开发生态补偿的财政支持、市场运作、多元监管和法律保障的问题,对应提出了生态补偿机制的实施路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important strategic resource of the country,the exploitation of marine oil and gas resources not only promotes economic development,but also causes serious ecological damage.In recent years,with the expansion of marine oil and gas exploration and development,the pollution caused by daily discharge and sudden accidents is increasing.However,due to the externality of marine oil and gas resources,the complexity of ecosystem service value assessment and the absence of structural policy of ecological protection,the ecological compensation mechanism of coordinating marine oil and gas development from both market and government is not established,as a result,the ecological and environmental price of marine oil and gas development can’t compensated efficiently.How to harmonize the relationship between marine oil and gas resources development and marine ecological environment in the process of rapid development of marine economy,timely and effectively compensate for marine oil and gas resources development and promote the protection and construction of marine ecological environment have become an important issue that cannot be avoided and urgently solved in the process of ecological civilization construction in China.Based on externality theory,ecosystem service theory,ecological value theory and sustainable development theory,this paper comprehensively uses scenario analysis,case analysis and game analysis methods,around three aspects: the value evaluation,the mechanism design and the methods to strengthen the construction of ecological compensation mechanism for the development of marine oil and gas resources.First of all,ecological damage is the precondition of ecological compensation.Based on the objective analysis of environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by the exploitation and development of marine oil and gas resources,the paper constructs the corresponding compensation value assessment framework,indicators and models according to the types of scenarios,and deeply solves the core problem of the compensation mechanism “Evaluation of ecological compensation value of marine oil and gas resources development”.Secondly,the paper forms an effective design of compensation mechanism,clarifies the elements of the ecological compensation mechanism for marine oil and gas resources development and reveals the relationship between the elements.Finally,in order to ensure the effective operation of the compensation mechanism,the specific implementation path of the compensation mechanism is put forward from the aspects of financial support,market operation,multiple supervision and legal protection,to promote the rational development of marine oil and gas resources and the effective protection of the marine ecological environment.Through systematic analysis and research,three main achievements have been achieved.The first is to distinguish the daily operation of marine oil and gas resources and the two different scenarios of sudden oil spill accidents,the paper constructs the evaluation model of ecological compensation value of marine oil and gas resources development according to scenario classification,supports the corresponding typical cases for research and application and explains the evaluation framework,evaluation indicators,evaluation methods and evaluation results in different scenarios and types.Secondly,it clearly defines and analyzes the elements of the ecological compensation mechanism for marine oil and gas resources development,reveals the interest game relationship between the compensation subject and the relationship between the compensation elements and establishes the compensation process.Thirdly,the financial support,market operation,multiple supervision and legal guarantee of ecological compensation for marine oil and gas resources development are analyzed in depth,and specific implementation paths are put forward.更多还原