【作者】 陈龙；

【导师】 邓绍根；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 新闻学， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 五四以降,各种“主义”激荡角逐,孕育了以“共产主义”为旗帜的中国共产党。在此过程中,报刊作为凝聚早期共产党人与共产主义组织的精神核心,其对于马克思主义的广泛传播,为中国共产党的创立提供了思想上和干部上的准备。中共报刊工作发源于城市,但1948年中宣部发布的《关于城市党报方针的指示》提出“我们城市办报的经验还不多,望将经验与问题电告”,似乎忽视了建党以来中共在“城市办报”过程中积累的丰富经验。聚焦1942年的《为改造党报的通知》和1948年的《关于城市党报方针的指示》发布的前因后果,不难激发对于中共办报模式整体转型的想象。这种转变的多次发生,揭示了中共办报模式主要不是在继承的基础上线性发展,而是一种“否定之否定”的振荡过程。现有研究表明,意识形态的变迁、地理环境的形塑、中心工作的转换、政党地位的演变是影响中共办报模式发展的主要因素,报刊与党派的关系、报刊与受众的关系、报刊的技术形态、报刊的经营管理及其相互关联与影响的方式是中共办报模式的主要内核。本文拟在现有研究基础上,从“模式”的意涵出发,全面系统地对1921-1949年中共办报模式的演变历程进行研究,对中共办报模式作如下历史分期与类型划分:1921年至1927年是“报为机关:中共办报模式的初步探索”时期,形成了中共办报的“上海模式”;1928年至1937年是“报为工具:中共办报模式的基本成型”时期,形成了中共办报的“瑞金模式”;1938年至1949年是“城乡互动:中共办报模式的多元发展”时期,形成了中共办报的“重庆模式”与“延安模式”。通过对以上模式的符号化描述发现,中共办报模式的发展轨迹基本是以“党报姓党”为中心线,以“城市办报”和“农村办报”为两级上下波动,其发展存在三种逻辑:作为党派工具的报刊、作为社会公器的报刊、作为生产事业的报刊。时代在变化,报刊的使命任务也应随之变化。《红旗日报》《新华日报》《解放日报》《人民日报》的经验与教训告诉我们,当前报刊的主要使命是“以建设为自任”而非“炫众以导乱”,报刊发展必须兼顾三种逻辑,不可偏废。要解决“在新形势下办报党报,在保持党性的前提下不断增强党报的影响力”的问题,应当推动政治方向的引导、读者需求的满足、报刊事业的壮大的有机结合,这是中共办报模式在两级振荡中的曲折发展历程带给我们的重要启示,也指明了中共办报模式未来的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the May Fourth Movement,various "isms" raged and spurred the Communist Party of China with the banner of "communism." In this process,as the core of the early communists and communist organizations,the newspapers and magazines provided ideological and cadre preparations for the founding of the Communist Party of China though the extensive dissemination of Marxism.The work of the CPC’s newspapers and periodicals originated in the city,but in 1948,the "Instructions on the Guidelines for Urban Party Newspapers" issued by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee put forward that "we don’t have much experience in running newspapers in city,hope to tell us about our experiences and problems",which seems to ignore the CPC’s rich experience accumulated in the process of urban newspapers.Focusing on the cause and effect of the 1942 "Notice for Transforming the Party Newspaper" and the "Instructions on the Urban Party Newspaper Policy" of 1948,it is not difficult to stimulate the imagination of the overall transformation of the CPC’s newspaper mode.The multiple occurrences of this transformation reveal that the CPC’s newspaper mode is not linearly developed on the basis of inheritance,but an oscillating process of "negation of negation." The existing research shows that the changes of ideology,the shaping of the geographical environment,the transformation of central work,and the evolution of the status of political parties are the main factors affecting the evolvement of the CPC’s newspaper mode.The relationship between newspapers and parties,the relationship between newspapers and audiences,the technical form and management,and the way they interact and influence each other are the main core of the CPC’s newspaper mode.Based on the existing research,this paper intends to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study on the evolution of the CPC’s 1982-1991 newspaper mode from the meaning of "model",and make the following historical staging and type division of the CPC’s newspaper model: from 1921 to 1927,it was the period of " newspapers as organs,the initial exploration of the CPC mode ",the "Shanghai model" was formed;from 1928 to 1937,it was the period of " newspaper as tool,the basic shaping of the CPC’s newspaper mode ",the "Ruijin mode" was formed;from 1938 to 1949,it was the period of " urban-rural interaction: the differentiation of the CPC’s newspaper mode",the "Chongqing model" and "Yan’an model" were formed.Through the symbolic description of the above model,it is found that the evolvement track of the CPC’s newspaper mode is basically centered on the "party newspaper surnamed party" and fluctuates at the two levels of "city newspaper" and "rural office".There are three kinds of logic in its development: newspapers and periodicals as party tools,newspapers and periodicals as social instruments,and newspapers and periodicals as production enterprises.The times are changing,and the mission of the press should change.The experience and lessons of "Red Flag Daily","Xinhua Daily","Liberation Daily" and "People’s Daily" tell us that the main mission of the current newspapers is to build rather than destroy.The development of newspapers and periodicals must take into account three kinds of logic and must not be neglected.To solve the problem of "running the party newspaper under the new situation and continuously enhancing the influence of the party newspaper under the premise of maintaining party spirit," we should integrate the guidance of the political direction,the satisfaction of the readers’ needs,and the growth of the newspapers and periodicals.This is an important revelation brought about by the tortuous evolvement process of the CPC’s newspaper mode in the two-level oscillation.It also points out the future development direction of the CPC’s newspaper mode.更多还原