【作者】 王淼；

【导师】 吴松涛；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 城乡规划学， 2020， 博士

【副题名】以哈尔滨市为例

【摘要】 十九大以来,我国将民生问题提到了国家政策的重点目标,提出公共服务均等化是推动我国城乡统筹发展的重要途径,自此,城市住区民生的相关理念和规划实施逐渐成为现阶段城市规划的研究热点。“民生服务”由公共服务延伸而来,城市民生服务包括城镇文化、医疗、体育、教育等的重要服务领域,是保障城市居民生活质量的重要基础。它不仅在运行过程中影响着城市居民的生活水平,也在提升城市功能、社会文明、居民健康等方面发挥了重要的推动作用。城市居民在日常生活中所使用,并且与日常生活日常相关的服务设施即为住民生服务设施。作为居民维持日常生活标准的基础,民生服务直接关系着居民现实生活水平、生活品质。民生服务水平的高低也代表了现今城市住区经济发展与社会文明的水平高低。新时期,居民日常生活诉求的热点服务主要为教育、医疗、住房与养老保障等。因此,建立适应新时期的民生服务模式,结合计算机算法技术,可以为民生服务模式建构、需求识别、设计与规划管理提供一个思路。研究以《城市居住区规划设计标准(GB50180-2018)》颁布作为契机,以《标准》所提出的生活圈空间分割方式重构城市空间作为新切入点进行民生服务供给的研究,引发了如何整合与共享新时期民生服务项目的思考。在理论基础研究中,论文系统阐述了民生理念、民生服务理念以及民生服务与公共服务基础设施之间的关系,为后文民生服务需求与功能定位奠定了理论基础。进而,本文基于城市更新规划体系,对此背景下民生服务规划目标重置、民生服务空间尺度演变进行了进一步分析,为“整合型“民生服务中心概念的提出提供了研究基础,为后文整合型民生服务模式规划提供了理论支撑。在住区民生服务需求调查研究中,以哈尔滨作为调查区域,对其典型住区抽样了10个典型住区进行调研,并结合实地勘察、调查问卷、访谈等数据整理,深入剖析了现阶段哈尔滨民生服务需求和使用现状的表征。给予充分的调查研究,本文引入模糊综合评价理论,从民生需求优先级、民生服务时间敏感度及民生设施整合性出发探讨整合型民生服务模式的必要性和特征。并从需求角度整合型民生服务模式模块化构建、模块配置指标以及模块组合及公平选址配置原则进行了研究和探讨。在整合型民生服务模式布局研究中,论文为了保障不同服务半径内所需求民生服务功能的配备,基于贪心算法设计了一套民生服务的布局算法。布局算法基于满足不同生活圈范畴内所需满足的实际民生服务需求,在相对均衡的条件下,在城市区域内进行民生服务的布局研究,旨在满足空间单元内所有人均可被满足5分钟、10分钟、15分钟的民生需求,并在此条件下使民生服务中心的布局数量最少,达到建设的最大效率。基于前文的理论研究和算法,以满足居民民生活需求为核心,以民生服务整合与共享为目标,论文提出了民生空间重构的模式,并以哈尔滨平房区作为实证进行了验证研究。对平房区进行整体民生服务空间规划,并以“友协街道”为实例,进行街区范围民生服务中心布局规划。最后,提出城市住区整合型民生服务的服务组织和管理流程进行模块化策略。从民生服务管理流程、建设流程与住区营造三个方面分别提出模块化规划策略,并最后提出新时期整合型民生服务机制的具体设想与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 19 th National Congress of the People’s Republic of China,the issue of people’s livelihood has been mentioned as a key goal of national policy.Since then,the relevant concepts and planning implementation of people’s livelihood in urban settlements have gradually become the research focus of urban planning at this stage."People’s livelihood services" are extended from public services.Urban people’s livelihood services include important service areas such as urban culture,medical care,sports,and education.It not only affects the living standards of urban residents in the process of operation,but also plays an important role in promoting urban functions,social civilization,and residents’ health.The service facilities used by urban residents in daily life and related to daily life are residents’ livelihood service facilities.As the basis for residents to maintai n the standard of daily life,people’s livelihood services are directly related to the residents’ actual living standards and quality of life.The level of people’s livelihood services also represents the current level of economic development and social civilization in urban settlements.In the new era,the hotspot services for residents’ daily lives are mainly education,medical care,housing and old-age security.Therefore,the establishment of a livelihood service model adapted to the new era,combined with computer algorithm technology,can provide an idea for the construction of livelihood service model,demand identification,design and planning management.The study took the "Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards(GB50180-2018)" as an opportunity to reconstruct the urban space with the life circle model proposed by the "Standard" as a new entry point for the study of people’s livelihood service supply,which led to how to integrate and share.Thinking about the people’s livelihood service project in the new era.In the theoretical basic research,the thesis systematically expounds the relationship between the people’s livelihood concept,the people’s livelihood service concept,and the relationship between the people’s livelihood service and the public service infrastructure,which lays a theoretical foundation for the post-literal people’s livelihood service demand and functional orientation.Furthermore,based on the urban renewal planning system,this paper further analyzes the resettlement of people’s livelihood service planning and the evolution of the spatial scale of people’s livelihood services,and provides a research basis for the concept of “integrated” people’s livelihood service center.Service center planning provides theoretical support.In the investigation and study of people’s livelihood service needs in residential areas,Harbin was used as the survey area,and 10 typical residential areas were sampled for investigation in typical residential areas.Combined with field su rveys,questionnaires,interviews and other data,the paper analyzed the Harbin people’s livelihood at this stage.Characterization of service needs and usage status.Given the full investigation and research,by introducing the fuzzy comprehensive theory,and this paper discusses the necessity and characteristics of the people’s livelihood service center model from the priority of people’s livelihood demand,the sensitivity of people’s livelihood service and the necessity of joint construction of people’s livelihood facilities.And from the perspective of demand,the elements and conditions required by the people’s livelihood service center were initially constructed.Based on this,the paper further studies the indicators,categories and characteristics of national and regional people’s livelihood service standards,and personalizes the matching and matching of the survey results,initially proposes the mode and layout of the people’s livelihood service center,and at the same time,according to the Standards of the Minsheng Service Center.The life circle model proposed in the paper carries out the classification of people’s livelihood service indicators.On this basis,three modes of comprehensive,composite and independent three-person service centers are proposed.In the research of the location selection of the Minsheng Service Center,in order to guarantee the equipment function of the people’s livelihood services in different life circle,the paper designed a location algorithm of the people’s liveliho od service center based on greedy algorithm.The location algorithm is based on satisfying the actual needs of people’s livelihood services in different living circles.Under the relatively balanced conditions,the site selection of the people’s livelihood service center is carried out in the urban area with the street as a spatial unit,aiming to meet the space unit.All people can be satisfied with the needs of the people’s livelihood of 5 minutes,10 minutes,15 minutes,and under this condition,the num ber of sites selected by the Minsheng Service Center is the least,achieving the maximum efficiency of construction.Based on the previous theoretical research and algorithms to meet the needs of residents’ living,with the goal of integration and sharing of people’s livelihood services,the paper puts forward the model of people’s livelihood spatial reconstruction,and carries out verification research with some streets in Harbin Pingfang district as evidence.Carries out overall service space planning for Pingfang district,and uses “Youxie Street Area” as an example for the site selection plan of the sevice center within the block area.Finally,the paper discusses the types of urban residential life service center construction,the reconstruction of peo ple’s livelihood service space,and the people’s livelihood service guarantee strategy.This paper proposes modular planning strategies from the three aspects of people’s livelihood service management process,construction process and settlement constructi on,and finally puts forward specific ideas and suggestions for integrated livelihood service mechanism in the new period.更多还原