批评中的批评

【作者】 何换生；

【导师】 王大明；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2020， 博士

【副题名】华东师范大学批评学派研究

【摘要】 本文选择当代中国文学批评与学术流派的重要力量——华东师范大学批评学派为研究对象。华东师范大学批评学派存续时间横跨20世纪80年代与90年代,长达20余年,它的诞生、出现和形成是中国当代文学批评史上独一无二的现象。华东师范大学批评学派中涌现出前后承继的优秀批评家,以自觉的批评意识、先锋的批评观念和卓越的批评实践在中国文学研究和批评领域形成了“群聚效应”和“领袖风范”,堪称“批评中的批评”。本文由“绪论”、“上编”、“下编”与“结语”构成。“绪论”主要介绍选题的缘起与内涵,阐释批评与学派概念的流变,标示研究的方法与旨趣。“上编”“群体的崛起”对华东师范大学批评学派生成的人文背景、历史境遇、代际划分、流派特征等进行考察。时代精神、社会心理、思想氛围、学术风尚、地理条件、出版传播等“合力”以及现代大学制度与导师制度的共同作用促成了华东师范大学批评学派的发生与兴起。批评意识的自觉、人学维度的贯穿、批评艺术的掘进、公共关怀的介入、魏晋风度的赓续等成为华东师范大学批评学派的主要特征。“下编”“内部的风景”以许子东、王晓明、李劼、胡河清四位代表华东师范大学批评学派的批评方法、批评风格和批评建树的批评家为个案展开论述,系统研究他们的批评观念、批评对象、批评模式与批评文体。许子东从“作家印象”到“小说结构”,王晓明从“文化心理”到“人文精神”,李劼从“人学谱系”到“历史描述”,胡河清从“传统符码”到“全息现实”,成为各自的主要批评方式与批评实绩。“结语”在“上编”、“下编”的基础上,评估华东师范大学批评学派的批评成就和学术地位,揭示华东师范大学批评学派的文化价值和当下启示。华东师范大学批评学派的批评活动构成了华东师范大学学术传统的重要组成部分;为当代文学批评的独立性、合法性进行了证明;体现了当代文学批评的个性化与艺术化特征的统一;为当代文学批评的“经典化”做出了独特贡献;对后来的批评形成了召唤效应。同时,辨析华东师范大学批评学派的理论误区与批评缺陷;指认华东师范大学批评学派的流散和终结;拓展批评家及其时代关联、文学批评前景等话题;反思当下批评流派匮乏和群体断层的原因,将华东师范大学批评学派的研究推向纵深之境。本文肯定华东师范大学批评学派在中国当代文学批评史上的影响和地位,期待新的批评学派的出现和文学批评的复兴。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis chooses the major force of literary criticism and research of Chinese literature: the School of East China Normal University as the object of study.This school lasted across the 80 s and 90 s of the 20 th century for over 20 years.Its origin,appearance and formation have been a quite unique phenomenon in the literary critical history of Chinese literature.From this school,constantly sprang brilliant critics with conscious critical awareness,vanguard critical concepts and outstanding critical performances,forming the “bunching effect” and “leadership” in the field of Chinese literary criticism.Therefore,they have been called the “critics of critics”.The “Introduction”part of the thesis mainly illustrates the origin and connotation in the selection of this topic,the change and variation of interpretation criticism and the concept of the school,as well as the methods and purpose of this study.The “main body”part of the thesis is divided into the three chapters of“Rise of the Group”,“Inner Scenery” and “Puzzles of the School”.The first chapter “Rise of the Group”probes into the cultural background,the historical conditions,division of generations and features of the different sects of the School of East China Normal University.The joint forces of time spirits,social psychology,intellectual atmosphere,academic fashions,geographical location,publication and propaganda,as well as modern university system and mentor system promote the rise and development of the School of East China Normal University.The awareness of critical consciousness,penetration of humanity and anthropology,progress of critical arts,intervention of public concerns and continuation of Wei-Jin manners have become the main featuresof this school.The second chapter “Inner Scenery”cites the cases of Xu Zidong,Wang Xiaoming,Li Jie and Hu Heqing as representatives to illustrate the critical methods,the critical styles and critical achievements of this school in order to makes a systematic research of their critical concepts,critical objects,critical modes and critical styles.Xu Zidong makes the studies from “writers’ impressions” to “structure of the novels”;Wang Xiaoming makes studies from “cultural psychology” to “humanity spirits”;Li Jie makes studies from “anthropological pedigree”to “historical interpretations”;Hu Heqing makes studies from “traditional codes”to “holographic reality”.These have become their major critical methods and achievements.Based on the previous two chapters,the “Conclusion”part evaluates the critical achievements and academic status of the School of East China Normal University,revealing their cultural values and enlightenment to contemporary society.Their literary critical activities have become a key constituent part for the academic tradition of East China Normal University,proved independence and legitimacy of contemporary literature criticism,and reflected the unity of individuation and artistry in contemporary literature criticism,making contributions for the canonization of modern literary criticism and “call-on effects”for later criticism.At the same time,the thesis analyzes the theoretical mistakes and critical defects of this school,identifies the dispersion and end of this school,and explores such topics as the links between critics and their times,as well as the future prospects of literary criticism.The thesis also makes introspections about the causes for lack of critical schools and chasm of critical groups,further promoting the study about the School of East China Normal University,affirms the status and influences of the literary critical School of East China Normal University and expresses hopes for appearance of new literary critical schools and revival of literary criticism.更多还原