【作者】 刘欣；

【导师】 周志刚；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 职业技术教育学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 立足当今学校体育,特别是职业学校体育边缘化较为严重的情况,在生态学理论视角下运用教育生态系统理论分析中国近代学校体育(含职业学校)的变革与发展,试图阐述中国近代学校体育发展演变的外部特征和内在规律,揭示学校体育的价值取向,为当今学校体育(含职业学校)的改革与发展提供启示与借鉴。论文共分七章。第一章为导论,说明了本文研究的缘起、意义、现状、设计及创新点。第二~五章分析了中国近代学校体育的演变。第六章是对中国近代学校体育发展的反思。第七章为结语,总结全文得出研究结论,指出研究不足与研究展望。论文主要结论如下:第一,中国近代的职业学校体育与普通学校、师范学校体育一起,共同构成了完整的中国近代学校体育。第二,从生态学的角度看,中国近代学校体育是一个生态系统,结构要素由学校体育思想、学校体育制度、学校体育实践构成。学校体育思想在社会政治、经济、教育等历史背景下产生,引领学校体育的发展方向,学校体育制度是体育思想的反映,学校体育实践是最终呈现的结果。这个系统受到外界环境变化的影响产生涨落,无法调节时系统便发生质变而演化,学校体育的发展就会进入新的阶段。第三,依据上述规律,中国近代学校体育的发展可以分为孕育期(1840-1903年)、发轫期(1904-1911年)、成长期(1912-1921年)、繁荣期(1922-1937年)四个阶段。纵观中国近代学校体育的发展,环境变化是条件,思想观念变革是动力,制度改进是抓手,实践尝试是落实和总结经验,为进一步的改革奠定基础。中国近代学校体育的发展表现为循环往复地螺旋式上升。第四,中国近代学校体育发展的外部特征表现为教育发展与外部社会的关系,在发展过程中,不断与政治、经济、教育等社会生态环境产生互动,相互影响。内在规律表现为对体育与人的发展之间关系的认识,国人对体育的认识是一个渐进的过程,体育思想的演进折射出近代学校体育发展的内在规律。第五,无论在职业学校还是其他类型的学校中,体育与德育、智育一样,都是培养人的重要手段,三者相辅相成不可偏废,学校体育应该兼顾体育的个人价值与社会价值,以促进人的全面发展为价值取向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the current school physical education,especially the vocational school physical education is marginalized more serious situation,from a perspective of ecological theory,using the educational ecosystem theory,analyzes the revolution and development of school physical education(including vocational schools)in modern China,trying to interpretation its external characteristics and internal regularity,to reveal The value orientation of school physical education,to provide references and inspiration for the development of contemporary school physical education(including vocational schools).This article has seven chapters.The first chapter is the preface that generally introduces the study origin,significance,previous study,research design,and innovation.Chapter two to chapter five mainly summarizing the revolution of school physical education in modern China.Chapter six is introspection of development of school physical education in modern China.Chapter seven is a conclusion of the whole essay,pointing out the drawback as well as an expectation of research.Main conclusion:Firstly,the modern vocational school physical education,together with ordinary school and normal school sports constitute,constitute a complete modern Chinese school physical education system.Secondly,Modern school physical education in China is an ecosystem,from a perspective of ecology,which is a unification of ideology,institution,and concrete practice.Its ideology originates in the historical ground such as economy,culture,leading the developing orientation of school physical education.While the institution is a reflection of ideology and concrete practice is a finally result.This system fluctuates with the changing of external environment,and burst into revolution when it fails in self-regulation.And the development of school physical education will enter a new stage.Thirdly,According to the above rules,the development of school physical education in modern China can be divided into four periods as a embryonic period from 1840 to 1903;the formative period from 1904 to 1911;the growing period from 1912 to 1921,and the full-flourish period from 1922 to 1937.Throughout the history of school physical education,we find a rule that on condition of environment change,motivated by idea revolution,and tightly grasping the system improvement.The school physical education is an upward spiral.Fourthly,The external characteristics of the development of school physical education in modern China,is the relationship between the development of education and the external society.In the course of development,as a subsystem of social-ecological system,school physical education in modern China has many interactivities and influences with politics,economy and education.The internal regularity is the understanding of the relationship between sports and human development.The understanding of sports by the Chinese is a gradual process,and the evolution of sports ideology reflects the internal regularity of the development of school physical education in modern China.Fifthly,Whether in vocational schools or other types of schools,physical education and moral education,intellectual education are the important means to cultivate students,the three complement each other,school physical education should take into account the individual value and social value of sports,to promote the overall development of people as the value orientation.更多还原