【作者】 赵桂玲；

【导师】 沈隽； 邱兆文；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 中国古徽州地域辽阔,经济发达,人文历史悠久。至明清时期,随着经济进一步发展,文人大贾齐聚于此,堪园造屋之风日盛,形成极具地域特色的徽派建筑聚落——徽州明清民居。作为当时民居建筑结构和装饰的重要组成部分,徽州明清民居木雕门窗以丰富多彩的雕刻形式、内容,与精湛的制作工艺蜚声海内外,成为中国民居建筑装饰的主要流派之一,具有极其重要的保护传承和现代应用价值。然而由于年代久远和木质载体的特殊材性,这些遗存的易损性、珍贵性与日俱增。本文开展的主要研究如下:(1)在徽州明清木雕门窗艺术形式特点研究部分,通过文献综合研究,探讨徽州木雕门窗的艺术特点与工艺特点,对徽州木雕门窗的常用装饰形式进行整理、分类、分析。总结徽州木雕门窗形式的造型规律,并把造型规律用于指导后期徽州木雕门窗形式在现代空间设计部分的传承。研究徽州木雕门窗功能与审美的巧妙结合,分析用料与工艺之美。探讨浮雕和透雕在通风、采光、力学与审美中的作用。(2)在徽州木雕门窗形式的现代技术传承部分,通过实证研究方法,在算法、技术、方法等三个方面进行创新。从三维数字化保护与传承角度探讨徽州木雕门窗激光扫描与CT扫描技术。采用三维断层扫描获得高精度的三维数据模型和精度较高的3D打印模型。通过体绘制模型进行任意位置和角度的分割并可进行内部组织结构的可视化。通过环氧树脂胶铸模成型的工艺方法获得精度较高的徽州木雕门窗复制模型。这种生产工艺价格低、易生产、又能赋予装饰品更多的功能性。通过手绘稿设计,进行电脑编程雕刻,也获得良好效果。(3)在徽州木雕门窗的视觉评价研究部分,通过定量分析法与问卷调查法,采用方法创新。通过生理记录仪对甄选出的木雕门窗进行视觉特征评价,以指导后续徽州明清木雕门窗形式在现代设计工作中的应用。试验采用多道生理信号采集处理系统获取受试者的眼电图,再根据眼电图得到眼电原始数据,然后进行主观及客观两部分试验分析。主观评价试验部分主要采用语义差别法,客观评价部分采用回归分析法,本文中主要运用该方法对数据做拟合线性回归分析,并用数学模型来表示,分析两个变量是否相关以及相关程度。并把分析出的结果用来指导空间设计部分。(4)在徽州民居木雕门窗形式在现代空间设计中的比例关系影响研究部分,通过交叉研究法,采用设计创新。根据视觉评价结果对目标门窗形式进行综合排序,对于排序靠前的形式进行形式改变较小的简化、提取或者直接应用于现代空间设计。对于综合排序靠后的门窗形式则采用重构、抽象等设计手段进行变化较大的创新设计。文中主要进行家居空间、商业空间与展示空间三种类型的系列创新设计。经过对大量具体设计方案实际情况的分析,充分考虑空间设计中徽派元素视觉效果的主次要影响因素,继而确定影响徽派装饰视觉效果的五个子系统,分别是:面积比例、装饰密度、多样性、文化性、其它因素,并就其具体指标层和占比进行设计规划。(5)在徽州木雕门窗虚拟展示部分,通过个案研究法与实证研究法,采用方法创新与技术创新。开展虚拟展示环境仿真设计研究。遵循方便展示应用原则,区别于其它平台的一个重要特点是开发出能够较为迅速的展示文物信息,三维模型和纹理清晰,并且具有自适应能力,即使放大也不会出现失真的情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s ancient Huizhou is vast in territory,developed in economy and,has a long history.To the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the further development of economy,literati and the wealthy gathered here.During this period,there was an increasing trend in building gardens and houses,which consequently formed architectural settlements with typical geographical characteristics of ancient Huizhou territory--Huizhou ancient dwellings.As an important part of the structure and decoration of residential buildings at that time.Huizhou Ming and Qing Dynasties folk wooden doors and windows are renowned for their rich contents,forms and exquisite craftsmanship at home and aboard.It has become one of the major schools of Chinese residential building decoration.It exists with intrinsic educational,heritance,protective,and practical valies.However,because of the long history,these relics are more vulnerable and precious.This article is divided into three parts with two sub-chapters in each part,and discussed the protection and inheritance of Huizhou woodcarving doors and windows in a multivariate and diversified way.The main research work carried out in this study is as follows:(1)In the first part,the artistic features and technical characteristics of Huizhou woodcarving doors and windows were discussed using literature comprehensive research methods,where theoretical innovation was adopted.The modeling rules of Huizhou wood carving doors and windows,which were used in the modern space design section,were summarized by collating,classifying and analyzing the commonly used decorative patterns.Moreover,the subtle combination of the functions and aesthetics of Huizhou wood carving doors and windows was studied by analyzing the role of embossment and carving techniques in ventilation,lighting,mechanics and aesthetics.(2)The inheritance and protection of Huizhou woodcarving doors and windows was studied by three-dimensional digital technologies using laser and CT scanning in the second part.Empirical research methods were used to innovate in algorithms,techniques,and methods in this part.The volume rendering was used on the basis of high-precision 3D scanning data and printing models to segment the samples from random positions and angles,as well as to visualize the internal structures of the samples.The replica models of the samples were then obtained using epoxy resin moulds.This process is cost-effective,easy to produce and,endows the products more functions.In addition,the models produced using computerized engraving on the basis of hand-painted drafts has achieved good results.(3)Method innovation was adopted through quantitative analysis and questionnaire in the study of the visual features of selected woodcarving doors and windows,samples of which were evaluated using a physiological recorder.A multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system was used to obtain the subject’s electro-oculogram,the data of which was then used to conduct subjective and objective evaluation tests.The semantic difference method and the regression analysis method were used in the subjective and objective tests,respectively.The relation degree of variables was analyzed using linear regression analysis and,was expressed as mathematical models.The results were applied to instruct the space design.(4)In the study of the effects of Huizhou woodcarving door and window elements proportions on modern design,innovation was made through the crossover method.The selected patterns of woodcarving doors and windows were ranked in the fourth part according to the visual evaluation results.The forward patterns were either slightly simplified,extracted,or applied directly to the modern space design,meanwhile,those ranked behind were changed greatly by innovative design using reconstruction,abstraction,and other methods.The innovative design was mainly applied in home,commercial and exhibition spaces.Furthermore,five factors that affect the decorative effects of Huizhou elements were determined by analyzing the visual effects of Huizhou decorative elements in a large number of spacial design projects,namely:area proportion,decoration density,diversity,culture,and other factors.The specific indicators and proportions were also designed and planned.(5)Method and technological innovations were made through the case study and empirical research methods in the study of virtual display of Huizhou woodcarving doors and windows.A stimulated design of virtual exhibition environment was conducted to produce a display system following the principle of easy-to-display and practicality.An important feature that distinguishes the system designed from other platforms is the development of a faster display function.It also has the ability of adaptivity,the images will not be neither destorted nor unclear when magnified.更多还原