【作者】 彭晨蕊；

【导师】 赵新华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境工程， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 随着城市化进程不断加快,城市水文状况随之改变,下垫面硬化趋势日益明显,水资源自然滞蓄能力锐减。加之,受全球气候变化影响,局部地区极端天气频繁爆发,许多城市相继发生严重内涝,对人民生命财产构成了极大威胁。为解决上述问题,本文重点针对基于海绵城市理念的小区内部雨水系统规划设计方案优化进行研究,旨在协调好雨水管网系统和LID(Low Impact Development)系统之间的关系,避免重复投资建设,实现社会、环境、经济三者综合效益最优。首先,结合城市规划体系提出海绵城市规划体系,主要包括:总体规划层面的海绵城市规划内容;海绵城市专项规划的目标、原则、思路及内容;其他专项规划与海绵城市专项规划相互衔接的内容;控制性详细规划层面的海绵城市规划内容及指标体系分解方法;修建性详细规划层面的海绵城市规划内容及方法。其次,在对城市内涝和径流污染两大雨洪问题进行研究的基础上,通过对天津市降雨量和不同下垫面径流水质进行分析,归纳总结天津市降雨时空分布、雨型和径流水质的特点。通过对绿色屋顶、下凹绿地、透水铺装3种LID设施进行试验,研究其在不同降雨强度下对雨水径流量和污染物的消减效果以及其主要结构参数(如基质层或填料层厚度及材料等)对雨水消减效果的影响。再次,提出SWMM模型的构建步骤主要包括:汇水分区概化、雨水管网概化、模型参数设置。提出LID设施参数灵敏度分析和不确定性分析方法,研究模型参数取值对模型模拟结果的影响。建立绿色屋顶SWMM模型,分析其参数灵敏度和不确定性。最后,提出针对基于海绵城市理念的雨水系统规划设计的优化方法,主要包括:基于图论原理的雨水管网平面布局优化方法;不同用地性质的地块LID设施适用性分析;建立基于海绵城市理念的雨水系统多目标优化模型,应用NSGA-Ⅱ(Nondominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmⅡ)算法联合SWMM模拟对模型进行求解;基于层次分析法的雨水系统规划设计方案评价方法。以天津市新建学校A为例,采用上述方法,对基于海绵城市理念的雨水系统规划设计方案进行优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With accelerative urbanization,hydrological condition of urban is changed.Underlying surface of urban is being changed into hardened ground,whose natural capability of rainwater infiltration and detention is reducing.Additionally,with the change of global climate,waterlogging happenes frequently in urban,which impacts people’s normal life.To solve the above problem,optimization of stormwater drainage system planning and design based on sponge city theory is discussed in this paper.The purpose of this research is to coordinate stormwater network system with LID(Low Impact Development)system;to avoid investing repeatedly;and to acquire integrated benefit of society,environment and economy.First of all,sponge city planning system is proposed based on urban planning system,which includes: the content of sponge city plan in master plan;the objective,principle,train of thought and content of sponge city sector plan;the content of sponge city plan in other sector plans;the content of sponge city plan and method of index system decomposing in regulatory plan;the content and mathod of sponge city paln in site plan.Secondly,the reason of urban waterlogging and runoff pollution is analysed.The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall and the water quality of runoff of different kinds of underlying surface in Tianjin are introduced.Laboratory study of green roof,depressed green and permeable pavements is made to research the low of runoff control in both quantity and quality under different rainfall conditions and the impact of the structure of LID facilities,such as the thickness and material of substrate layer.Thirdly,the steps of SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)model constucting is proposed,which include subcatchment generalizing,stormwater network generalizing and parameters setting.The mathod of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for LID parameters is proposed to study the influence of parameters on simulating result.A green roof model established on SWMM is analysed,for example.Finally,an approach of optimization of stormwater drainage system planning and design based on sponge city theory is proposed,which.includes: optimization of stormwater network layout based on graph theory;applicability analysis of LID facilities for different classifications of land;a multi-objective optimization model of stormwater drainage system based on sponge city theory and the method of model solving by using NSGA-Ⅱ(Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ)algorithm and SWMM simulation;evaluation of stormwater drainage system planning based on analytic hierarchy process.A new school A in Tianjin is studied as an example,whose stormwater drainage system planning is optimized by using the approach above.更多还原