【作者】 张维国；

【导师】 吴立新； 孙效玉；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 数字矿山工程， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 矿业是国民经济发展的保障,作为国民经济的基础产业,矿业开采技术和手段随着科学技术的推动而快速发展。以露天矿为例,其生产效率和效益很大程度上取决于采运设备作业效率以及整个生产系统的能力。露天开采装备技术水平的不断提高,加快了开采工程的推进速度,同时也给生产组织和管理带来了挑战。近年来,露天矿采运设备的运行从单一设备管理向系统管控发展,以采矿工艺约束,如何对采运设备进行有效的协同管控和辅助决策,成为露天矿生产管理领域亟待解决的问题。因此,面向采运设备运行数据的特征分析,开展露天矿采运设备管控系统的研究工作具有重要的现实意义。露天矿采运设备协同管控的过程,通常需要结合矿山生产管理系统和采运设备运行实时监控系统,进而研究与采运设备相关的数据指标和分布规律,建立露天矿采运设备优化调度和辅助决策系统。鉴于此,本文在相关研究的基础上,从设备运行数据的处理算法和数据特征分析入手,开展了针对露天矿采运设备管控系统构建的研究工作。本文主要工作归纳如下:(1)研究了露天矿采运设备管控系统的架构,以生产过程中电铲和卡车实施的调度和控制为出发点,为了提高设备运行效率和操作人员的积极性、减少人员工作强度和降低能源消耗,实现协同优化管控的目的,提出了露天矿采运设备管控系统的分步实施策略和云计算平台的构建思路。(2)为了实现露天矿采运设备的有效管控,研究露天矿采运设备运行相关数据的特征,基于采矿工艺的约束条件,围绕露天矿卡车调度系统主要数据来源和处理方式,提出了回放式装卸时序匹配解算方法,实现了生产设备运行状态的智能识别和运行数据的精确统计。在设备运行监控方面,提出基于地理信息属性数据的表达、简化和更新方法,为设备车流规划和资源配置调度提供了道路网上的数据属性支持。最后研究了露天矿多层级的数据结构,实现了对该类数据的有效管理。(3)以露天矿卡车调度系统为依托,对实时数据采集和通信架构、传输协议和数据转换方法进行了研究,提出了采运设备相关联的运行数据分布规律和时间相关的统计指标。针对各种数据分析指标的时态性,阐述了设备运行数据流的时间序列分析和预测方法。考虑到露天矿生产管理的实际问题,针对时间序列的非平稳性,建立了基于马尔科夫链预处理方法和最优估计时间序列模型,该模型可为矿山运营管控提供更加符合开采工艺真实情况的数据支持。(4)在上述研究的基础上,结合大数据云计算平台和方法,研究了露天矿采运系统的数据挖掘架构,以抚顺西露天矿卡车调度系统为例,分析了该露天矿采运设备运行中采集到的数据内容和格式,通过大数据、云计算平台的数据挖掘、以分布式计算引擎为工具,实现了露天矿生产数据的关联分析、聚类分析和时间序列分析,通过该方法分析得到了采运系统运行的数据之间的相关规律。(5)针对信息化程度不同的生产露天矿,以采运设备管控系统为基本内容,研究和开发了中煤平朔露天矿生产管理系统、抚顺西露天矿卡车调度系统和华能伊敏露天矿决策分析系统,通过矿山的实际应用证实,露天矿管控系统在矿山实际生产中能够很好的对采运设备进行管理和调度控制。随着技术的发展,本文没有局限于当前矿山信息化发展和建设的水平,研究并开发了露天矿采运设备管控的云计算应用平台和数据服务等关键内容。综上,本文针对露天矿采运设备管控系统,研究了采运设备运行数据的处理方法,分析了数据的特征和相关指标的分布规律,通过改进的时间序列模型和数据挖掘平台,实现了矿山采运设备运行数据之间的规律挖掘和知识发现,以露天矿的实际需求为背景,开发和实施相应的管控系统,构建了基于云计算的数据服务和露天矿采运设备管控平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mining is the protection of national economic development,mining technology and means of mining as the basic industries of the national economy grows rapidly with the rapid development of science and technology.In the case of open-pit mine,for example,its production efficiency and benefit depend on the operation efficiency of the equipment and the ability of the entire production system.The continuous improvement of the technical level of open-pit mining equipment speeds up the development speed of mining engineering,but brings challenges to the production organization and management.In recent years,the operation of mining equipment in open-pit mine has developed from a single management to system management and control.Combined with the mining process constraint,how to carry out effective coordination control and auxiliary decision support for the mining and hauling equipment has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of production management.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to carry out the characteristic analysis of operation data and the research on the management and control system of the mining equipment in the open-pit mine.The process of collaborative management and control of mining equipment in open-pit mine,usually requires a combination of mine production management system and real-time monitoring system of mining equipment,and an establishment of an optimization dispatching and auxiliary decision support system based on studying on the data index and distribution of mining equipment in open-pit mine.In view of this,the paper is carried out the research work on the construction of the management and control system of the mining equipment in the open-pit mine from the point of view of processing algorithm and data feature analysis on the basis of relevant research.The main work of this paper is summarized as follows:1)It studies the architecture of management and control system in open-pit mine.With dispatching and control of shovel and truck implemented in production process as the starting point.In order to improve the operating efficiency of equipment and operating personnel enthusiasm,reduce work intensity and energy consumption and for the purpose of collaborative optimization control,the paper puts forward the step by step implementation strategy of the management and control system of open-pit mining equipment and the construction of cloud computing platform.2)In order to achieve effective control of open-pit mining equipment,the characteristics of the operation data of the mining equipment was studied in the paper.A new method for the matching of playback time sequence of loading and unloading was proposed in the paper which realized the intelligent identification of production equipment operation state and the automatic statistics of production based on the constraint conditions of mining technology,and focuses on the main data sources and processing methods of truck dispatching system in open-pit mines.In the aspect of equipment operation monitoring,this paper put forward the method of expression,simplification and updating based on geographic information attribute data.Finally,the multi-level data structure of open-pit mine was studied,and the effective management of this kind of data was realized.3)The real-time data acquisition and communication architecture,transmission protocol and data conversion method was studied which is based on the truck dispatching system of open-pit mine.The distribution rules and time related statistical indicators of the operation data was proposed in the paper.According to the analysis of temporal index data,the equipment operation data flow and time series prediction method was instructed.Taking into account the practical problems of production management of open-pit mine and the non-stationary time series,it was established in the paper that the Markov chain preconditioning method and the optimal estimation time series model which could provide more data support of real mining technology situation for mine operation control system.4)On the basis of the above research,the data mining framework of mining and hauling system in open-pit mine was studied which combines big data and cloud computing platform in this paper.Taking Fushun West Open-pit Mine Truck Dispatching System as an example,it analyzes the content and format of data collected during the operation of the open-pit mining equipment,and the correlation analysis,cluster analysis and time series analysis are realized by data mining of the big data and cloud computing platform and the Spark-based Computing Engine,which has been used to analyze the correlation among the data of the mining and hauling operation system.5)According to the different levels of information production in open-pit mine,the research and development of Pingshuo opencast mine production management system and Fushun West opencast Mine Truck Dispatching System and Yimin opencast mine decision support system was described based on the mining equipment management system in this paper.Through the practical application,it proves that the management and control system of open-pit mine can do very well of-in the mining equipment management and scheduling control in actual production.With the development of technology,this paper focused on the researches researched and developed developments of the key content of data services,and management and control system of mining equipment and other key contents on the cloud computing application platform in open-pit mine instead of limited in the current level of the development and construction of mine information.In summary,according to the control system of mining equipment,this paper studied the processing method of the operation data of mining equipment and analyzed the characteristics of the data and the distribution rule of the relevant indicators were studied in this paper for thecontrol system of mining equipment.The rule mining and knowledge discovery of the operation data of mine mining equipment operation data was realized through by improving time series model and improved data mining platform.This paper also developed and implemented the corresponding management and control system.A data service based on cloud computing andan open open-pit mine transport equipment management and control platform were constructedby the actual demand of open-pit mine as the background.更多还原