抗战时期毛泽东反投降斗争理论与实践研究

【作者】 周玉文；

【导师】 唐正芒；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 打击日本侵略者和反投降斗争是抗日战争的一体两面,毛泽东以中华民族复兴的历史使命担当精神,敏锐观察抗战形势,着手反投降斗争理论的构建,用以指导打击投降主义的伟大实践。毛泽东反投降斗争理论的理论渊源,即马克思主义反投降斗争理论与中华民族发扬民族气节的优秀传统文化。马克思主义反民族投降主义思想主要包括原初的爱国主义思想和民族气节,创立了国际主义和爱国主义相统一的最高形式,谴责资产阶级丧失民族气节投降的可耻行为,批判各种庸俗的爱国主义,运用阶级分析法,对地主、资本家及走狗和小资产阶级投降采取分类施策的策略。中华民族优秀传统文化中关于民族气节的精神元素,主要包括威武不屈、反抗侵略、和合统一、忧国忧民等,这些基本元素通过数千年的沉淀,已经深深的融入中华民族的血脉之中。抗战时期反投降斗争缘于三方面的因素,日寇的侵略和诱降,英美等西方帝国主义国家的绥靖和劝降,大地主大资产阶级的妥协投降,致使亡国灭种阴霾笼罩中国,抗战局势时刻处于危险境地,因此必须开展反投降斗争。毛泽东的反投降斗争理论包括了六个方面,第一,构建全民族抗日统一战线,最大限度的孤立投降派。第二,主张以军事和法制手段打击、威慑和教育投降分子。第三,巩固党的团结统一,为反投降斗争提供组织保证。第四,毛泽东提出了构建心防,占领道德制高点,从精神上鞑伐投降分子。第五,开展外交反投降斗争。第六,发动群众是反投降斗争的最好形式。在毛泽东反投降斗争理论指导下,中国共产党开展反投降斗争有序推进,成效斐然。反投降斗争实践分三个阶段进行,第一个阶段是从1935年1月开始到武汉会战结束,此阶段主要是为反投降斗争做准备,形成反投降斗争形势的基本认识,对投降主义的表现形式、对反投降的基本路径进行了初步探索。第二阶段是汪精卫公开投降至汪精卫建政前夕。此阶段是反投降斗争实践的关键阶段,中国共产党开展了全方位的反投降斗争。第一,毛泽东对反投降斗争形势的研判与部署。第二,驳斥汪精卫的投降主义言论。第三,开展军事反投降工作,消灭死心塌地的汉奸,重点开展对伪军的政治攻势。第四,以党的宣传媒体为阵地开展宣传文化战线上的反投降斗争;党的文艺工作者在文艺战线上开展反投降斗争,与日汪的奴化教育进行针锋相对的斗争。第五,坚决反对西方帝国主义国家制造东方慕尼黑阴谋,争取苏联和共产国际等民主进步力量对反投降斗争的理解和支持。第六,开展反投降斗争的群众运动。第七,开展国民参政会平台的反投降斗争。第八,坚持有理有利有节的原则,有力地打击了抗战阵营内的投降暗流。第三阶段汪精卫建政至抗战胜利期间的反投降斗争。汪精卫建政建军增加了反投降斗争的难度,中国共产党反投降斗争的重点有所调整。第一,加强宣传媒体、文艺战线、教育战线的反投降斗争。第二,利用日伪矛盾深入开展伪军工作,大大抵消了日伪的军事优势。第三,继续开展外交战线的反投降斗争,坚决反对美日制造东方慕尼黑阴谋,继续寻求苏联与共产国际等民主进步力量的支持。第四,加强打击投降暗流,使国民党投降反共均不能实现。第五,抗战胜利后坚持除恶务尽的原则揭发、抓捕、审判投降分子,汉奸得到了应有的惩罚。毛泽东反投降斗争的理论与实践凸显了鲜明的特色。第一,鲜明的时代性,是马克思主义反投降斗争理论中国化、时代化、大众化的成果及应用,同时也是对中华民族关于民族气节优秀传统文化在抗战时代的创造性转化和创新性发展。第二,彻底的人民性。汪精卫因为叛国投降而被人民抛弃,蒋介石却因限制民众不能获得全面支持,只有中国共产党获得了广泛的群众基础。第三,兼具国际性和民族性。表现出驾驭各种反投降斗争的能力。第四,凸显复杂性。主要表现在国际形势扑朔迷离、反投降对象混成难辨、各种矛盾纠缠交织。第五,彰显完美性。与近代史上历次反投降斗争相比、与蒋介石国民党反投降斗争相比均体现了完美性。毛泽东反投降斗争理论与实践的价值审视。第一,历史价值,保证了抗战进行到底并取得最后胜利,完美演绎了中国共产党在抗战中的中流砥柱作用,为后来的抗美援朝和抗美援越战争提供了强大的精神支撑。第二,精神文化价值,铸就了中华民族伟大的抗战精神,为探询中华民族反侵略史上精神沉沦与人格沉沦提供了一把钥匙。第三,当代价值,为应对美、日等对中华民族的现实和潜在威胁提供了强大的思想武器;绝不妥协的创造了反击美国贸易战的经典范例;为打击“台独”等各种民族分离主义的卖国行径提供了历史启示和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fight against Japanese aggressors and anti-surrender is one of the two sides of the war of resistance against Japanese-aggression.MAO zedong,with the historical mission of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,had been able to observe the situation of Anti-Japanese War,and set out to Build the theory for guiding the great practice of the fight against capitulationism.MAO zedong’s theory of the struggle against capitulation has a theoretical origin,namely,the theory of the anti-surrender struggle of marxism and the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation to carry forward the national spirit festival.Marxism’s thought mainly includes the original national capitulationism patriotism thoughts and national integrity,created the highest form of unity of internationalism and patriotism,condemned the bourgeois shameful behavior of the loss of national integrity surrender,criticism of vulgar patriotism,using the class analysis for landlords,capitalists and running dogs and the petty bourgeoisie ShiCe surrender to classification strategy.The Chinese nation excellent traditional culture of the spirit of national integrity elements,mainly including standing firm and unyielding,resist aggression,and unified,caring for the fate of his nation,etc.,these basic elements through thousands of years of precipitation has deep into the veins of the Chinese nation.Struggle against surrender due to three factors during the Anti-Japanese War,the invasion of the Japanese aggressors and lure into surrender,the Appeasement and persuasion surrender of western imperialist countries,and the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie compromise and capitulation,haze of National subjugation shrouded China,The Anti-Japanese War situation was at risk.Therefore,the struggle against capitulation must be developed.MAO zedong’s theory of the struggle against capitulation includes six aspects,the first of which is to construct the anti-japanese united front for isolating the surrender in The greatest degree.Secondly,He advocated the use of military and legal means to combat,deter,and education capitulators.Thirdly,To consolidate the party’s solidarity and unity to provide organizational guarantee for the struggle against surrender.Fourthly,MAO zedong put forward the construction of the moral commanding heights of the occupation of the heart to hit the surrender from the spirit of.Fifth,To carry out diplomacy fight against surrender.Sixth,mobilizing the masses is the best form of anti-surrender struggle.Under the guidance of MAO zedong’s struggle against capitulation,the communist party of China carried out an orderly process of counter-capitulation and achieved remarkable results.Struggle against the surrender of practice divided into three stages,the first stage began In January 1935 to end of the wuhan battle,this stage mainly in preparation for the struggle against capitulation,form a basic understanding of the situation of a struggle against the surrender,The manifestation of capitulationism,the basic path to against the surrender on the preliminary exploration.In the second stage,fron wang jingwei publicly surrendered to wang jingwei Established regime.This stage is the key stage of the anti-surrender struggle,and the Chinese communist party has carried out all-round anti-surrender struggle.First,MAO zedong researched and judged the situation of the struggle against surrender,and deployed it.Second,refuting wang ching-wei’s capitulationism.Third,The CPC carried out military counter-surrender work,eliminated the traitorous traitors,and focused on the political offensive against the puppet forces.Fourth,The CPC carried out the anti-surrender struggle on the propaganda and cultural front in the propaganda media of the party,carried out the anti-surrender struggle on literary and art to fight against the Japanese flunking education for tit-for-tat struggle.Fifth,resolutely opposed the western imperialist countries’ attempts to create the Munich conspiracy,and strived for the understanding and support of democratic progressive forces such as the Soviet union and the communist international in the struggle against surrender.Sixth,to carry out the mass movement of the anti-surrender struggle.Seventh,to carry out political struggle against the surrender in the platform of the meeting of people senators.Eighth,adhere to the principle of rational and advantageous,and effectively hit The surrender of undercurrent of the anti-japanese camp.In the third stage,the anti-surrender struggle from wang ching-wei established regime to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.Wang ching-wei’s Established a regime and founded an army increased the difficulty of the anti-surrender struggle,and the CPC’s focus on the anti-surrender struggle was adjusted.First,the CPC strengthened the anti-surrender struggle of the propaganda media,the literary front and the education front.Secondly,To carry out the work of the puppet army by the use of the Japanese and the false contradictions has greatly offset the military superiority of Japan.Third,continued the diplomatic front struggle against capitulation,firmly opposed Japan manufacturing eastern Munich,continue to seek for democratic progressive forces,such as the Soviet union and the communist international to support.Fourth,to strengthened the fight against the surrender of the undercurrent,so that the surrender of the kuomintang can not be achieved.Fifth,after the victory of the war of anti-japanese,Stick to the principle of extermination,the CPC’s disclosed,arrested and judjed of the capitulators,the traitors and traitors were punished with due punishment.The theory and practice of MAO zedong’s anti-surrender struggle had highlighted the distinctive features.First,sharp modernity,It is the result and application of the theory of marxist anti-capitulation struggle in China,times and popularization.r,but also creative transformation and creative development about the national integrity of the Chinese nation outstanding traditional culture in the era of the Anti-Japanese War.Second,total popularity.Wang ching-wei was abandoned by the people because of the surrender of the rebels,but Chiang kai-shek was unable to gain full support because of the restrictions on the people.Only the communist party of China gained a broad mass base.Third,both international and national.It shows the international and national character of reining the powers.Fourth,highlight complexity.The main performance of the international situation was confusing,the anti-surrender object was confused,various contradictions intertwined.Fifth,showing perfection.Compared with the struggle against capitulation in recent history,the struggle of Chiang kai-shek and kuomintang against the surrender were perfect.As to the value of MAO zedong’s theory and practice of anti-surrender struggle,it needs to be examined from the perspective of history and reality.First,the historical value.to ensure the war of anti-japanese through to the end and the final victory,deduce perfectly the mainstay function of the communist party of China in the Anti-Japanese War,provide powerful intellectual support for the war to resist U.S.Aggression and Aid Korea.the spirit value.it made the great spirit of the Chinese nation,it provides a key to look for the reason of the spiritual decline and the decline of personality in the history of the fight invasion of the Chinese nation.Third,it provides a powerful ideological weapon for Chinese nation to answer the potential-reality threats from the United States,Japan and other;created a classic example of retaliation against the us trade war uncompromisingly;provides historical inspiration and reference for the fight against the “independence of Taiwan”.更多还原