【作者】 高明；

【导师】 文成伟； 徐强；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 作为一种基于信息技术建构的新兴消费模式,共享经济与信息技术紧密地交织在一起。信息技术对于共享经济的影响,并不像当下绝大多数有关共享经济的研究所展示的那样,仅仅表现为作为一种工具,帮助共享经济消费过程的完成和实现。事实上,信息技术并非简单地被共享经济中的消费者使用,它们还在构成消费者,在其构成消费者的过程中,信息技术对于共享经济的建构与发展带来了更为深刻的影响。因此,为了真正解蔽共享经济的建构与发展,就不能仅仅将共享经济中的信息技术作为一种消费工具或者抽象变量,将其置于“黑箱”之中,需在对信息技术与共享经济的关系研究中,在一种技术哲学的视域下,更进一步的围绕信息技术对于共享经济中消费者的形塑,一方面致力于解构共享经济,即探究信息技术如何通过影响消费者在共享经济中的感知与行为方式,从而在形塑消费者存在方式的基础上,影响了共享经济的建构;另一方面致力于重构共享经济,即面对基于信息技术形塑共享经济中消费者的存在方式所可能带来的共享经济困境,通过重塑共享经济中的消费者,使其以一种新的方式存在于共享经济之中,从而实现对信息技术影响下共享经济困境的超越。论文围绕信息技术构造共享经济中的消费者从而影响共享经济的过程,依托技术现象学技术中介论的理论,解析了信息技术在共享经济中对消费者感知和行为方式的形塑,揭示了信息技术通过对人的塑造,带来的对共享经济的建构、困境的深层次影响,从而围绕共享经济中被信息技术塑造的消费者,提出超越困境的具体路径,最终构建了在技术哲学视域下,探究信息技术与共享经济关系的完整框架。首先,通过形塑共享经济中的消费者,信息技术深刻地影响着共享经济的建构。一方面,在一种“解释学”视角下,信息技术通过其“中介调节”影响了共享经济中消费者的消费知觉,使得消费者实现了对消费活动的新感知,消费者消费感知的扩展推动了消费者对消费信息的重复利用,从而促进了共享经济“节俭”消费特征的塑造;另一方面,在一种“存在主义”视角下,信息技术通过其“中介调节”形塑了共享经济中消费者的存在方式,消费者在共享经济中向一种“系统化”的存在转变,即消费者由边缘化的参与消费向普遍化的参与消费转变,由层级化的参与消费向扁平化的参与消费转变,最终促进了共享经济“平等”消费特征的塑造。其次,拥有与环境交互认知和自主决策能力的共享经济中的信息技术,在影响共享经济建构的过程中,也带来了共享经济中资本技术宰制的困境。共享经济中的信息技术,通过其“中介调节”,促使了技术理性战胜自主理性,这使得共享经济中消费者主体性地位“名存实亡”,消费者转变为了一种“消极的消费者”,从而在资本通过信息技术僭越消费行为、获取了共享经济中的“操作自主性”之后,基于资本的在共享经济中的技术宰制,技术符码控制下的消费主义文化得以复归,共享经济中资本的目的被遮蔽,消费者被迫接受一种更“精致”、“虚伪”的消费异化。最后,针对信息技术影响下的共享经济困境,即消费主义文化的复归及更“精致”、“虚伪”消费异化的出现,论文尝试在共享经济中引入一种“技术启蒙”,通过消除共享经济中的技术蒙蔽,使消费者摆脱信息技术影响下的不完善状态,以实现对其的超越。论文围绕共享经济中的“人”,提出“自律-物律-法律”三位一体的“技术启蒙”框架,基于诉诸消费者内心的自律和嵌入“积极的消费者”理念的他律两种手段和机制,分别从消费者自觉认知、作为“技术推手”的技术以及针对“算法权力”的法律这样三个维度,促进共享经济中消费者由“消极消费者”向“积极消费者”地转变,以提出一种“人机协同”模式下对信息技术影响下共享经济困境的超越路径;阐明积极的消费者、积极的消费系统与积极的消费特征在共享经济中统一的可能性,最终实现对信息技术影响下共享经济困境的超越。论文摆脱了学界当前单纯将信息技术作为一种消费工具的视角下探讨共享经济问题的倾向,关注于信息技术对于共享经济中消费者的构造与形塑,从而构建了解蔽共享经济的技术哲学视域下的研究。这一研究将有助于认清信息技术在共享经济这一新的消费模式中的哲学本质,从而加深对“技术与消费”这一理论问题的研究,为“技术与消费”问题的研究增添新的研究内容和研究视角,使已有理论更完善、更具解释力和可接受性;同时,论文通过在技术哲学的视域下反思共享经济,对于引导以节俭、平等为特征的消费在社会中的发展,塑造以可持续发展为本质的社会,对于形塑消费社会中的人,促进人的自由全面发展具有重要的指导意义和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Information technology has comprehensively embedded in sharing economy which is a new kind of consumption mode emerged and developed with the development of information technology.Information technology not only affects sharing economy as a kind of consumption tool as the vast majority of studies acknowledge,information technology also affects sharing economy by shaping consumers,which has a profound impact on sharing economy.Thus,in order to really reveal sharing economy,we shouldn’t treat information technology only as a kind of consumption tool or put it into ’black box’ as an abstract variable.We should think further about how information technology shape consumers in sharing economy from the perspective of philosophy of technology.According to this,we should not only deconstruct the effect of information technology on the construction of sharing economy by shaping consumers’ perception and action,but also reshape consumers to reconstruct sharing economy so as to be free from the predicament of shaping economy influenced by information technology.Based on information technology shaping consumers,This research uses technological mediation theory to analyze the process of information technology shaping consumers’perception and action in sharing economy in order to reveal how information technology affect sharing economy and how to be free from the predicament of shaping economy influenced by reshaping consumers.In a word,this research construct an structure of analyzing the relationship between information technology and sharing economy in the view of philosophy of technology.Firstly,information technology affects the construction of sharing economy by reshaping consumers.In the hermeneutic perspective,according to the mediation,information technology affects how sharing economy appears to consumers,amplifies consumers’perception in consumption,which will promote consumption information to be reused.On this basis,the consumption culture characterized by thrifty will emerge in sharing economy.What’s more,in the existential perspective,according to the mediation,information technology affects how consumers appear in sharing economy,invites their ’systematic’actions in consumption,which will promote the generalization of the right to act as consumers and to construct consumption-flattening in sharing economy.On this basis,the Consumption culture characterized by equal will emerge in sharing economy.Secondly,during the process of information technology affecting the construction of sharing economy,based on having capabilities of cognitive interactions and making own decisions,information technology in sharing economy will help capital enable technical domination in sharing economy.Based on the mediation as the subject,individual rationality is displaced by technological rationality and consumers become "Passive Consumer".On this basis,after capital getting "Operational Autonomy",the goal of capital will be concealed in sharing economy and consumerism controlled by technology will return.At last,consumers in sharing economy will be forced to accept a kind of more "exquisite" and "hypocritical"consumption alienation.Finally,facing consumerism and consumption alienation caused by information technology,the paper tries to introduce technology enlightenment within sharing economy to clear up the technology clouds and make consumers divorce from the immature state caused by information technology to deal with these problems.Specifically,centered around "Man"in sharing economy,from perspectives of consumers’ free will,technologies as "Nudge" and laws covering "algorithmic power",as two categories:"self-discipline" and "heteronomy",the paper focuses on the trinity of " ’self-discipline’-technological discipline-legal discipline" to make "passive consumer" turn into "active consumer".In a word,technology enlightenment in sharing economy will be achieved by the use of man-machine cooperation to deal with problems of consumption culture change,which means "active consumer","active consumption system" and "active consumption culture" can be integrated in sharing economy.Academic circles usually pay much attention to information technology as a kind of consumption tool in sharing economy,but this paper focuses on how information technology shape consumers in sharing economy.According to the study,on the one hand,we can recognize the philosophical essence of information technology in sharing economy so that we can understand the relationship between information technology and sharing economy better and develop the consumption theory,making the theory more perfect,more explanatory and more acceptable;on the other hand,according to reveal sharing economy from the perspective of philosophy of technology,this research has the important guiding and practical significance for constructing sharing economy featured thrift and equality to promote sustainable development and the free and comprehensive development of individuals.更多还原