【作者】 邹锦；

【导师】 杜春兰；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 风景园林学， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 面对我国当代城市滨水区开发在环境、生态、景观、社会经济等方面存在的诸多问题和山地城市滨江景观空间的特殊难题,传统城市滨水景观项目往往由于时空上的刚性约束而失效。这是由于没有综合考虑城市滨水区在自然与社会发展中的长期变化过程,对景观在时空上的动态过程认识、理解与响应不足,从而造成了景观的不可持续性。本文因此提出从理解、认识景观的动态变化过程入手,在设计中遵循、适应、顺应、并以适当的方式主动介入过程的“基于过程的景观设计”思路。通过对国内外城市滨水景观的历史演变过程及学术研究前沿的梳理,明确了城市滨水景观空间设计的研究发展方向;对“基于过程的景观设计”与弹性(resilience,也常译为“韧性”)研究的关系,以及弹性、适应性、可持续性等概念的比较与辨析,帮助我们深入理解“基于过程的景观设计”的内涵与理论层次;而生态学、景观生态学等理论与景观设计的融合,以及运用“过程”设计思想的经典实践案例等,给基于过程的景观设计探索提供了从理论到技术上的一系列支撑。对滨水区景观空间的价值认知,有助于改善城市形象、优化城市结构、塑造城市空间,对于城市景观可持续性的意义尤为独特和重要。通过分析滨水空间层次特征和功能特征,理解山地城市滨水景观空间的外部特征,基于滨水景观空间对城市形态的内在价值,研究山地城市滨水区景观空间类型并建构滨水区景观空间的类型体系,为后续的滨水区景观空间设计模式应用提供依据。机制是指事物的内部组织和运行变化的方式,而景观空间的发展演变机制就是景观过程。而城市滨水区景观是由动态的、不断行进中的多个发展过程的总合。过程既是景观的组成部分,也是景观的运行变化方式。自然过程是滨水区景观最基本的时空演变过程,而人类的社会过程则在各种尺度上对景观产生影响,两者叠加引起的复合效应在在现代城市环境中尤其明显。准确而深刻地理解这些演变过程,可以帮助我们认清研究对象的本质,从而在景观设计中更准确地把控对象。基于过程的景观设计是以景观过程为主导的设计思想。以过程为主导的景观设计策略首先要遵循自然与社会的基本运行规律,并以适应、顺应的方式响应景观的过程,适应性与可持续性是其基本准则。但基于过程的景观设计策略不仅止于“被动响应”过程,更在于可以通过模仿和利用景观过程的特性,以主动介入式的景观设计模式“设计景观的过程”。对应于过程的动态渐变性、开放性与多元性特征,生成相应的景观应对策略,进而推导出三种主动介入的“空间-过程”式设计模式。通过对“触媒-生长”模式,“容器-引入”模式,以及“堆栈-协同演替”模式的深度解析,并佐以应用实例,提出了以这三种模式为基础的开放式、引导性的基于过程的景观设计策略体系。通过将基于过程的景观设计理论思想和设计理念和模式转化为具体的设计策略、操作手段、实现方式;根据各类型滨水景观空间所属空间层次,功能内涵、外在形式、主导景观过程的不同,解析其适用的景观设计模式,形成设计策略层面;以滨水景观类型→(决定)行为活动→景观空间→设计要素的逻辑关系,将不同滨水景观类型的设计落实到具体设计要素上。贯彻过程式设计、以地形作为操作系统、以流动产生形式、开放式结果等基于过程的景观设计理念,强调时空上的动态性特征的设计方法,将设计策略与设计要素结合,形成完整的基于过程的山地城市滨水区景观设计方法,最后将设计方法运用到重庆主城滨水区景观设计的具体项目实践中。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many problems in the aspects of environment,ecology,landscape,social economy in development of Chinese modern cities’ waterfront,mountainous cities’ waterfront landscape space furthermore have more special issues,the traditional urban waterfront landscape projects often suffer failure when solving these due to the rigid constraints on time and space.Without considering the long-term changing process in natural and social development of urban waterfront,and lacking the knowledge,understanding and adaptation of the spatiotemporal dynamic process,the landscape thus turn to unsustainability.In this paper,we put forward the idea of “process-based landscape design”,which means begin with the understanding of the dynamic changing process of landscape,following,adapting,and actively involving by the appropriate ways to the process in design.Through sorting out the historical evolution process of domestic and foreign urban waterfront landscape and the academic frontier,we get the direction of urban waterfront landscape space design research and development.The compare and analysis to the relationship between “process-based landscape design” and the resilience research,the concept of resilience,adaptability,and sustainability,help us deeply understand the connotation and the theoretical level of “process-based landscape design”.The integration of ecology and landscape ecology theory and landscape design,and the classic design practice cases use the thought of “process”,provide a series of support from theory to technology to the exploring of the process-based landscape design.The value perception of waterfront landscape space is helpful to improve the city image,optimize the urban structure and shape the urban space,which is particularly unique and important to the city.Understanding the external characteristics of mountainous urban waterfront landscape space through the analysis of the waterfront space and functional characteristics,studying the landscape spatial types of mountainous urban waterfront based on the intrinsic value of the waterfront landscape space to the urban form,and constructing the type system of waterfront landscape space,to provide the basis for the further application of the waterfront landscape space design patterns.Mechanism refers to the internal organization and the way to operate changes of thing,the development and evolution mechanism of the landscape space is the process of landscape.Urban waterfront landscape is the sum total of multiple dynamic and constantly moving development process.The natural process is the most basic spatial and temporal evolution of waterfront landscape,while the human social processes impact the landscape at various scales,the combined effect caused by the superposition of the two is particularly evident in the modern urban environment.Accurate and profound understanding of these evolution processes can help us to understand the nature of the study object,so as to more accurately control the objects in the landscape design.The process-based landscape design is the design idea which is leaded by the landscape process.Such a landscape design strategy must firstly comply with the basic operation rules of nature and society,and response to the landscape process in an adaptation way,adaptation and sustainability is the basic criteria.However,the strategy of process-based landscape design is not only limited to the “passive response” the processes,but to use the actively involving landscape design model to “design the process of landscape”,by means of imitation and use characteristics of landscape process.Corresponding to the dynamic gradually change,openness and diversity of the process,the author generated the corresponding strategies of the landscape,and then derived three kinds of active involvement of the "space-process" design models: “Catalyst-Growth” model,“Container – Introduction” model,and “Stack-cooperative succession” model.Based on the depth analysis of the models and the application examples,the author put forward an open and guided landscape design strategy system based on the process with the three models.By means of translating the theory and design concepts of the process-based landscape design into specific design strategies,operational means,and the way to achieve;and according to the different space levels they belong to,the functional connotation,the external form,the dominant landscape process of all types of waterfront landscape space,analyzing their application of landscape design models,to form the level of design strategy.Applying the logical relationship of type of waterfront landscape→(to decide)behavior activities→landscape space→design elements,putting the design of different waterfront landscape types to the specific design elements.To carry out the concept of the process-based landscape design: design by process,using terrain as the operating system,flow generated forms,openness results.The design method emphasizes the dynamic characteristics of the time and space,the combine of the design strategy and design elements forms the complete design method system of the process-based landscape design,which be implemented to the mountainous urban waterfront landscape entity objects.Finally,through the main city of Chongqing,the specific project practice to implement and test the design method system.更多还原