领导者自恋与目标导向对团队创造力的影响研究

【作者】 李家俊；

【导师】 李晏墅；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 决策学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 领导因素已被证明是影响团队创造力的重要因素。随着西方个体主义文化价值观的渗入,中国情境中具有自恋人格的领导者越来越多。但是在领导者因素的分析中,领导者自恋一直处在被忽视状态。实践表明,处在领导岗位的个体都存在着不同程度的自恋倾向,并且整体而言领导者的自恋程度趋向于较高水平。与马基雅维利主义和精神病态并称为黑暗三人格的自恋人格,如果出现在领导者身上将会怎样,这一问题逐渐被研究者们重视。现有研究开始关注企业高层领导,诸如CEO自恋对企业绩效的影响,但随着团队功能及地位的提升,团队领导者自恋对团队绩效的影响,尤其是对团队创造力的影响引起了本研究的关注。针对自恋领导对员工行为效果影响不一致的研究现状,本研究认为可能存在着领导者的其他重要特征与自恋相互作用,共同影响着团队创造力。并且,结合创造力研究中重要的前因变量及新时代中知识经济特征,本研究进一步根据知识管理理论将团队学习及知识分享作为中介变量引入,以此分析领导者自恋对团队创造力的影响效果。基于此研究目的,本研究提出了三个研究问题:(1)探讨领导自恋对团队创造力影响;(2)分析领导自恋人格与目标导向的交互作用;(3)引入知识管理的中介机制。依据自我增强理论与知识管理理论,以及“领导特征—团队行为—团队绩效”逻辑主线,本研究首先探讨领导者自恋对团队创造力究竟会形成何种影响,进而分析目标导向是否能加强积极影响或缓解消极影响。围绕研究问题,本研究提出两大类研究假设,一是关于领导者自恋对团队创造力的影响假设;二是交互作用对团队创造力的影响假设,在两类假设中分别引入知识共享和团队学习的中介效应假设。本研究调研涉及苏南五地6处经济开发区,每处经济开发区推荐10家企业,平均每家企业选取3个工作团队进行调研,共60家企业180个团队,问卷发放对象涉及团队领导者及团队员工两类发放主体,最终获得配对的163份有效领导问卷,以及相对应的1524份员工问卷,经聚合形成163个团队有效样本。通过构建回归模型对研究模型与研究假设进行实证检验。结果发现:领导者自恋能够促进团队创造力,但团队学习和团队知识共享均不能中介领导者自恋和团队创造力之间的关系。研究进一步发现,领导者自恋分别与学习目标导向、证明目标导向的交互作用能够显著促进团队创造力,而领导者自恋与回避目标导向的交互作用会明显抑制团队创造力。团队知识共享对领导者自恋和三种目标导向的交互作用,除证明目标导向外,与团队创造力之间的关系起部分中介或完全中介作用。与团队知识共享类似,团队学习对领导者自恋和三种目标导向的交互作用与团队创造力之间的关系起部分中介或完全中介作用。本研究分析领导者自恋与领导者目标导向对所在团队创造力的影响,更好地理解如何缓解领导自恋的负向影响,并将之转化为积极或建设性的正向影响。这一交互效果的研究对“自恋领导是好领导还是坏领导”的理解提供了一定的解释作用,并且交互效果的研究更符合对领导特征进行综合性分析的研究趋势。除此,本研究将研究层次聚焦于团队层次,对团队领导者自恋的分析,以及其对团队绩效影响的探讨,为后续团队层次领导自恋的深入研究做出了一些探讨与铺垫。更多还原

【Abstract】 Leader factors have been verified to have pivotal influence on team creativity.Along with the penetration of western individualism, leaders who possess narcissistic personality have emerged more often than ever in Chinese context. Relatively little scholarly attention, however, has been given to leaders factors in the team creativity literature. Practice has shown that individuals who are in the position of leaders all exhibit more or less narcissism, which is in a higher level on the whole compared with ordinary people. Narcissism, together with Machiavellianism and psychopath,constitutes the Dark Triad of personality. What is the influence of narcissism on leaders when they exhibit narcissism? Existing literature starts to pay attention to executive managers, such as the influence of CEO narcissism on performance.However, along with the promotion of teams function and position, the influence of team leader narcissism on performance, especially team creativity, has aroused our attention.It has reached no consensus about the influence of narcissistic leader on employee behavior, this study believes that there may be some interactions between narcissism and other important personalities, which influences team creativity together. Combined with vital antecedent variables in creativity research and knowledge economy in the new era, this study,according to theory of knowledge management, further introduces team learning and knowledge sharing as mediator so as to analyze the influence of leader narcissism on team creativity. Based on the purpose above, this study proposes three questions: (1) discussion on the influence of leader narcissism on team creativity; (2) analysis of the interaction between narcissistic personality and goal orientation; (3) introduction about the mediation mechanism of knowledge management. According to self-enhancement theory and knowledge management theory, along with the logic of “leadership trait - team behavior - team performance",this study first discusses which influence leader narcissism can bring to team creativity, and then analyzes whether goal orientation can enhance positive influence or weaken negative influence. Focusing on research question, this study proposes two kinds of hypothesis, one is about the influence of leader narcissism on team creativity, and the other is about the influence of interactions on team creativity, with mediation hypothesis using knowledge sharing and team learning as mediator.This study involved six economic development zones in five southern areas of Jiang Su Province, and every zone recommended ten firms which we selected three working teams to investigate on average in each firm, generating a sample of 180 teams in 60 firms. The questionnaire was distributed to team leaders and team members, with 163 validated questionnaires from team leaders matched with 1524 validated questionnaires from team members, the whole questionnaires were finally aggregated to 163 validated team samples. By regression models examining proposed hypotheses,results showed that leader narcissism can promote team creativity,but both team learning and knowledge sharing cannot mediate the relationship between leader narcissism and team creativity. The findings further indicated that the interaction between leader narcissism and learning goal orientation together with performance prove goal orientation can significantly promote team creativity, but the interaction between leader narcissism and performance avoid goal orientation can significantly constrain team creativity. Besides, knowledge sharing can partially or totally mediate the relationship between the interaction of leader narcissism and three kinds of goal orientation and team creativity, except for prove goal orientation.Similar to knowledge sharing, team learning can partially or totally mediate the relationship between the interaction of leader narcissism and three kinds of goal orientation and team creativity.This study analyzes the influence of leader narcissism and leader goal orientation on team creativity, which can help to better understand how to reduce the negative influence of leader narcissism and transform it into more constructive aspects. This interaction between leader narcissism and goal orientation can help to explain whether narcissistic leader is a good leader or not, which is consistent with the study trend of analyzing leader traits by synthesis. Furthermore, this study concentrates on the level of team, exploring team leader narcissism and its influence on team performance,which can provide some foreshadowing for subsequent in-depth study on team leader narcissism.更多还原