【作者】 李鹏；

【导师】 郭艳君；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 在马克思那里,劳动理论是共产主义理论的基础,共产主义理论建构是劳动理论循序推进的结果。马克思的劳动理论纷繁复杂,它既包括劳动过程理论,也包括社会形式理论。劳动过程理论以劳动过程本身即人与自然之间的物质变换过程为考察对象,社会形式理论以劳动过程的社会形式即人们在劳动过程中结成的社会联系的形式为考察对象。劳动过程的社会形式被划分为三种,即自然形成的共同体、资本主义社会以及共产主义社会。自然形成的共同体的本质规定被归结于血缘和通婚,从而被视为劳动过程的自然条件,与此相反,资本主义社会与共产主义社会则被视为同劳动过程有本质上的逻辑关系。资本主义社会作为社会形式直接来说由资本予以规定,而共产主义社会作为社会形式直接来说则由自由个人联合予以规定,不过,资本主义社会的逻辑分析以劳动产品是劳动过程的目的这一命题开端,而共产主义社会的理论探讨则最终落脚于劳动活动是劳动过程的目的这一命题。因此,资本主义社会同共产主义社会之间的差别不只是资本同自由个人联合之间的差别,还在于劳动产品是目的同劳动活动是目的之间的差别,资本主义社会向共产主义社会的转变不只是资本向自由个人联合的转变,还在于劳动过程的目的因素从劳动产品向劳动活动的转变。马克思的资本主义理论和共产主义理论可以连同劳动过程理论,统一放置在劳动理论这一基本框架内,依循辩证法的基本规范而获得理解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx’s theory of labor is the foundation of his theory of communism and his theory of communism is the consequence of progressive promotion of his theory of labor.Marx’s theory of labor is complicated.It includes the theory of labor process and the theory of social form.The theory of labor process regards the process of material change between man and nature,and the theory of social form regards the forms of the social connections in the labor process.The social forms of the labor process are divided into three types,namely,the natural community,the capitalist society and the communist society.The essence of the natural community is attributed to blood and marriage,that is to say,the natural community is regarded as a natural condition of the labor process.On the contrary,the capitalist and communist societies are regarded as essentially related to the labor process.The capitalist society is determined directly by capital,and the communist society is determined directly by unity of free men,however,the logical analysis of capitalist society starts from the proposition that the product of labor is the purpose of the labor process,and the theoretical exploration of communist society finally settles on the proposition that the labor activity is the purpose of the labor process.Therefore,the difference between the capitalist and communist society is not only the distinction between capital and unity of free men,but also the distinction between the purpose of labor process.The transition from capitalist society to communist society is not only the transition from capital to unity of free men,but also the change of the purpose of labor process.Marx’s theory of capitalism and communism can be combined with the theory of labor process,unified in the basic framework of theory of labor,and understood rationally according to the basic principles of dialectics.更多还原