【作者】 杨娟；

【导师】 赵振宇；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 新闻与传播， 2017， 博士

【副题名】以储安平为中心的考察

【摘要】 民国时期是我国新闻业蓬勃发展的时期。我国报纸从一开始就呈现出重言论的趋势,逐渐形成“首为论说”的中国特色,使得民国时期新闻评论勃兴,蔚为大观,成就了一个又一个具有非凡影响力的评论名家,创办了一份又一份风行天下的以言论为主的报刊。储安平和他所创办的《观察》,就是民国评论界光辉名单上的最后一拨。储安平1946年9月创办的《观察》,是一份以知识分子为读者对象的评论刊物,集合了几乎当时所有的大学者作为撰稿人,读者遍布国内,最高发行量达十万多份,在当时影响很大,惜于新中国成立前夕被国民党查封。储安平作为民国末期有影响的评论名家,其评论理念吸纳了前人的智慧结晶,继承了民国的评论精神,是民国时期评论理念的集中体现。本文旨在以储安平的新闻评论理念为典型代表进行个案考察,同时对梁启超、张季鸾、胡适等民国时期有影响力的评论界人士的言论主张进行研究分析,在此基础上梳理出具有普遍意义的民国时期的新闻评论理念。本文首先对储安平的身世与生平进行了考证,对有争议的储安平失踪之谜、储安平求学生活的细节进行了史料对比和印证,提出了自己的看法。并通过发掘新的史料来源、仔细阅读已有研究成果,对储安平身世有自己的研究发现。而通过对储安平的评论作品和评论主张进行综合分析,笔者发现储安平的评论理念主要有四个关键词:批评、责任、独立、理性。储安平承认意见有褒有贬,但是他显然倾向于批评性的新闻评论,认为这才是新闻评论的核心;储安平言论事业的内在驱动力是强烈的爱国热情,和对读者对社会负责任的态度,这些构成了他评论理念中的“责任”理念;而储安平更是将“独立”视为新闻评论的内在精神和生命力所在,珍视不同意见、鼓励不同意见,主张以中立立场客观评价事物;此外,储安平明确提出“理性”作为评论的内在要求,主张运用理性思维评价事物,主张在评论争鸣中保持君子之争的克制理性风度。储安平的上述评论理念不是凭空产生的,而是源自民国时期思想界激烈交锋和新闻评论界这个大环境的熏染。储安平深受中国近代民族主义思潮影响,有迫切的爱国救国、为国效力的愿望;同时也秉承自由主义中的民主社会主义思想,主张自由、民主、独立;此外,中国传统文化中的独立精神和家族文化中“尚气节”的家风,使得储安平推崇独立精神,将之视作为人、为文的内在精神;这三个方面彼此交织,构成了储安平评论理念的理论来源。而在民国时期的评论界,文人论政的办报风气、此起彼伏的言论争鸣,成为常态。在这样的媒体大环境中耳濡目染,促成了储安平评论理念的形成。储安平作为民国末期异军突起的评论界新秀,他的评论理念是民国时期言论观的集中体现和典型代表。本研究发现,梁启超秉持“有益于国事”、选题以“要”“周”为主、立场无党派出自公心、面向读者适合国情的评论理念;张季鸾秉持“不党、不卖、不私、不盲”的评论理念;胡适秉持保持独立精神、言论报国、出自公心态度公平的评论理念;他们分别作为民国初期、民国中期和民国中后期的评论界代表人物,其评论理念与民国末期的储安平有高度重合之处。通过综合分析这些民国时期影响广泛的评论界人士的评论理念,笔者在此基础上梳理出民国时期较为常见的新闻评论理念,主要有:一是以言论报国为宗旨,试图通过在言论上的努力勤勉工作,来对国家社会有推动作用,梁启超的“有益于国事”奠定了这个理念基础;二是张扬独立精神,以无党无私相标榜,推崇独立思考、将独立发言的精神视为报刊不可动摇必须坚守的内在品格和风骨,胡适第一个高举独立精神的大旗并使之成为民国时期新闻评论的核心理念。三是秉持敢于批评的态度,敢于批评当局、监督政府、监督社会,主张新闻评论要切中社会的时弊,这已经成为民国时期评论界的共识。而储安平在批评时政方面不遗余力、深刻入骨,将不平则鸣的批评理念发挥得淋漓尽致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese journalism flourished in the period of the Republic of China.Our newspaper began with the trend of emphasizing comments and gradually formed the Chinese characteristics of“the first to be news comment",which made the national news comments bloomed in that time with the emergence of one and one influential comment masters and popular newspapers which gave the priority to comments.Chu Anping and the Observation he founded was the last one on the glorious list.Observation was founded in September 1946 and was a journal of news comment targeting the intellectuals as readers and gathering almost all the famous scholars as writers.Its readers came from all over the country,and its highest circulation was more than 100,000.So it affected the thoughts of a generation,but was closed down by kuomintang on the last eve before the founding of new China.As a influential master,his theory of comments absorbed the predecessor’ s wisdom and inherited the spirit of comments of the Republic of China,was the concentrated reflection of concepts of comment during that period.It is the universal concept of news comments during the period of the Republic of China that will be analyzed in this thesis,based on investigating the concept of Chu Anping’s news comment which was the typical representatives of that time and analyzing other influential comments and claims of Liang Qichao,Zhang Jiluan,Hu Shih in that period.The new opinion will be proposed firstly based on the textual research on the life and experiences of Chu Anping,contrasting and verifying the historical data of his disputed missing puzzle,the details of his study life.And there is new discovery by exploring new historical data source and reading the existing research results carefully.Comprehensively analyzing the comments and reviews of Chu Anping,it is found that in his comment concepts there are mainly four key words:criticism,responsibility,independent,rational criticism.He admitted that opinions can be praising or degrading,but he obviously tended to the critical news comments and thought this should be the core of the news comments.The inner driving force of his comment career is the strong patriotic enthusiasm and the responsible attitude to the readers and society,which constitute the responsibility concept existing in his comment concepts.And he took the independent spirit as the inherent spirit and vitality of news commentary,so he valued different opinions,encouraged different views and advocated to objectively evaluate things on a neutral stance;In addition,he clearly put forward the“rationality”as the inherent requirement of comments,advocated for comments with rationality and keep the restraint rational manner of a gentleman in the comments contend.The comments concepts of Chu Anping stated above is not generated from nothing,but from the intense debating of thoughts and deeply immersing into the news comment environment in the period of the Republic of China.He was influenced by modern Chinese nationalism trend,so he owned urgent patriotic national salvation strong will to work for his country.At the same time,in adhering to the liberal democratic socialism,he advocated freedom,democracy,independent.In addition,affected by the independent spirit in Chinese traditional culture and family culture“integrity" of start-up,he promoted independence,which he took as the inner of the human spirit.These three aspects are the theory sources of his news comment concepts.His comment concepts was formed in the environment that the literati published news paper to talk about politics and debated from each other frequently.As a sudden emerging rookie of news comment in the end of the Republic of China,Chu Anping’ s concept of news comment was the concentrated expression and typical representative of that period.This study finds that Liang Qichao insisted that“the news comments should be beneficial to state affairs",“Comments subject should be comprehensive and important","the standpoint should be selfless instead of standing by any political party" and" the news comments should be suitable for national conditions and readers?".Zhang Jiluan insisted that“not party,not to sell,not private,not blind" as his comments concept.Hu Shih hold the independent spirit,commenting for the country and from public interests as his comment concept.They respectively represented the concepts of news comment in the early,middle and later period of the Republic of China,and had high coincidence with Chu Anping in the late of the Republic of China.By the comprehensive analysis of these widespread news comments concept during the period of the Republic of China,the author combing out the familiar concept of news comment concept of that period,which are mainly:First,aiming at serving the country,trying to promote the state and society by diligent work on news comment,Liang Qichao’ s idea of“benefit state" laid the foundation of this concept.The second is to carry out the spirit of independence,advertising non-party selfless,respecting independent thinking and taking the spirit of independent comment as newspaper’ s unshaktable and insistent character.Hu Shih first raised the banner of independence and made it the core idea of news comment concept of the Republic of China.Third,to adhere to the attitude of criticize in news comment,daring to criticize the authorities,supervising the government,supervising the society and advocating to criticize the social shortcomings sharply in news comment,which has become the consensus concept in that period.Chu Anping has spared no effort in criticizing the current politics sharply and penetrating.He believed that where there is injustice there will be an outcry,and he played the criticism the most vividly.更多还原