【作者】 蒋瑾；

【导师】 黄志成；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 比较教育学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 中国正在积极寻求在全球化背景下的国家复兴,如何让全世界都理解和认同中国的发展对我们显得至关重要。当前,"一带一路"战略和教育对外开放战略都需要我们培养更多通晓国际规则、向国际社会传递中国声音、促进中国和其他国家互相理解与合作的人才。而"跨文化能力"所涵盖的对自身和其他文化的深入理解能力、批判性思维能力、跨文化协调能力等恰恰是推动国家战略实施的人才所需要的能力。因此,拥有跨文化能力的人才对于中国的发展具有重要的战略意义。然而,无论是代表顶层设计的政策文本,还是教育实践都缺少对跨文化能力培养的关注。此外,跨文化能力的研究在中国的学术界也缺少应有的关注,鲜少为语言学和传播学领域以外的学者们所重视。教育研究对"跨文化能力"这一主题的关注尚处于起步阶段。与中国的现实相反,欧洲已经将跨文化能力的培养视为一项推动欧洲各国和地区,乃至世界发展的重要战略,不仅从整体上进行了战略设计,还通过教育领域和青年领域的计划和行动加以落实。欧洲对于青年跨文化能力培养的战略思考对于中国青年跨文化能力培养具有战略参考价值。鉴于该选题对于国家战略实施和国内教育研究所具备的意义与价值,论文基于战略研究的视角和分析框架,运用文献法、比较法和问卷调查法等具体研究方法,梳理和分析了欧洲对跨文化能力及其培养的理解,欧洲大陆青年跨文化能力培养的战略背景、战略思想和计划,以及战略行动。同时,结合实证调研所揭示出的中国青年跨文化能力水平以及高等教育在培养青年跨文化能力中所存在的问题,总结和归纳欧洲经验,以期对我国培养和发展青年跨文化能力提供借鉴。论文首先在第一章引论部分对研究问题和研究设计进行了全面的描述和分析。第二章则对欧洲普遍认同的跨文化能力的内涵和构成框架进行界定。在此基础之上,第三章到第六章则分别阐述和分析了欧洲地区层面的青年跨文化能力培养战略的宏观背景和历史演进、战略思想和计划、战略行动和战略评估。最后研究回到中国的本土实际,选取上海部分高校大学生展开问卷调查,切实了解这一处于国际性城市中具有代表性的青年群体的跨文化能力水平以及高校的教育实践在培养青年跨文化能力方面的现状和问题。研究者结合中国的实际情况,有选择地借鉴欧洲在青年跨文化能力发展方面的成功经验,提出启示与建议。研究认为中国的发展需要具备跨文化能力的人才,而青年是跨文化能力培养的主体。而调查结果显示,以大学生为例,我国青年的跨文化能力水平和学校教育对大学生跨文化能力的培养都明显不足。因此,青年跨文化能力的培养应该写入我国的国家战略和教育政策文本之中。另一方面,青年跨文化能力培养仅依靠实践体验学习是不够的,还需要通过课程教学加以专门训练。因此,除传统培养青年跨文化能力的非正式教育路径外,这一能力还需要通过正式学校教育中的课程教学加以培养。第三,跨文化能力培养虽然最终落实在个人能力提升,但在此过程中需要不断体现反对文化和种族歧视的国家和社会立场,以避免文化刻板印象、种族歧视等风险。因此,青年跨文化能力培养行动的结果需要得到及时评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 In light of the national rejuvenation in this globalized age,it has become critical important for China to let the world understand and recognize the development in China both in the past and future.At present,the Road and Belt Initiative and the strategy of education opening-up are requiring an increasing number of talents who are familiar with international rules and regulations and capable of facilitating the communication and understanding between China and the world.Intercultural competences,which include a deep understanding of Chinese and foreign cultures,critical thinking and intercultural coordination ability,are therefore indispensably needed by the talents of China’s strategic development.However,a lack of attention paid to the cultivation of intercultural competences can be found both in the policy documents representing top-level design and in everyday educational practice.Besides,research in intercultural competences also deserves more attention by researchers in areas in addition to linguistics and communication.Intercultural competences research is still in its starting stage in education research.Contrary to the reality in China,Europe has given strategic importance to the cultivation of intercultural competences to facilitate both European and global development.Strategic plans have been carefully designed,followed by the implementation of education and youth schemes.The European thinking and practice are of great importance to China.Given the significance of this research topic to both national strategy and educational research,this dissertation,based on the perspective and analytic framework of strategy studies,takes a varied methodology including literature review,comparative study and questionnaire to analyze the European understanding of intercultural competences and the strategic background,thoughts,plans and practices in the cultivation of intercultural competences.Meanwhile,with the help of European experience summarized,this dissertation also expects to shed light on the cultivation of intercultural competences in China based on the empirical studies of the situation and problem in Chinese higher education.Chapter 1 comprehensively describes and analyzes research questions and design and Chapter 2 defines the connotation and framework of intercultural competences universally recognized in Europe.After that,Chapters 3-6 respectively elaborate on and analyze the general background and historical development,strategic thoughts and plans,strategic practice and assessment of the cultivation of intercultural competences in Europe.The last part is given to the empirical study of China’s reality,aiming at understanding the current level of intercultural competences of the youth representative in Shanghai,and the situation and problems of the educational practice in higher education.Combining China’s reality and the successful European experience carefully chosen,this dissertation tries to offer feasible suggestions and action plan.This dissertation takes the view that the youth are the principal subjects of intercultural competences cultivation.The findings of the empirical study reveal that there exist problems both in Chinese youths’ intercultural competences and in education system.Therefore,the cultivation of young people’s intercultural competences should be included in national strategy and educational policy.Besides,special training through curriculum is needed in order to complement practical experience.This means the traditional non-formal education of intercultural competences should be combined with the curriculum in formal school education.Thirdly,the national and social standpoint against cultural and racial discrimination should be reflected in the process of intercultural competences to avoid the risk of cultural stereotypes and racism.Therefore,in-time assessment is needed in the process of intercultural competences education.更多还原