【作者】 孙昊；

【导师】 韦正翔；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 马克思主义理论， 2016， 博士

【副题名】霍耐特正义观的逻辑演进研究

【摘要】 为了批判当代资本主义社会的现实弊病,构建理想社会生活的标准,霍耐特以承认理论开始了对社会批判理论的规范性重建。国内学者把霍耐特的理论重建解读为以承认理论为主、其他理论为辅的“一中心论”,或从承认理论到多元正义构想的“两阶段论”,或由承认理论、多元正义构想、政治伦理学三个相对独立理论组成的“三成分论”。本研究力求提供一种关于霍耐特理论发展的新解释,即正义问题是贯穿霍耐特理论发展的主线,为了回答这一问题霍耐特从研究个体间的相互承认关系开始,认识到情感、权利、价值三种承认关系对个体自我实现的重要意义,发展出以建立承认关系为原则的承认正义观。他在与弗雷泽等学者关于正义的论争中发现,单凭建立承认关系的原则还无法裁定承认诉求相冲突时的正义标准。于是他从黑格尔的《法哲学原理》中汲取营养,构造出以个体间达成相互承认关系为条件的社会自由概念,把“承认”从正义原则变为实现社会自由的路径,形成“承认?自由?正义”的理论逻辑,完成了从承认到自由的正义观转变,也巩固了承认概念在正义观中的基础性地位。因此,从承认到自由是解释霍耐特整个理论体系发展的钥匙,它体现出霍耐特对承认概念的辩证发展思想。霍耐特构建了不同于个人主义自由、平等主义自由的社会自由概念作为正义原则,用通过相互承认实现正义的承认范式取代了通过公平分配实现正义的分配范式,使自己的正义观区别于当代主流正义理论。霍耐特还建立起正义原则的社会分析模式,通过分析当代民主法制社会的各个现实生活领域中,是否存在个体间相互承认的机制,来阐述实现社会自由的条件,从而阐发正义原则。但他没有严格地在每一个社会生活领域对前述三种承认关系都加以分析。因此,本研究按他的分析逻辑,补充了对社会领域中权利、价值承认关系,经济领域中情感、权利承认关系,政治领域中情感承认关系的分析内容,并汇总他的观点,形成一套在当代民主法制社会中评价正义原则的社会分析框架。霍耐特在对市场经济、民主法制等分析中展现出历史唯物主义思想,他用资本主义对承认的蔑视来深刻批判现实社会病理,把实现社会自由作为社会生活理想,表现出“构建承认理论?批判资本主义社会?阐述社会理想”的论证逻辑,从资本主义现代性批判角度发展了马克思主义。但他没有找到克服社会病理的出路,把社会理想的实现寄希望于国际合作、公众文化观念转变等偶然性因素,这为在社会主义制度下破解承认难题、实现社会自由提供了启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to criticize the development disorder of contemporary capitalist society,then building standards for the ideal social life,Axel Honneth began the normative reconstruction of the social critical theory by means of the recognition theory.There are three main explanation about the work of this normative reconstruction among domestic scholars,that are ‘one core view’ which means a center theory of recognition supplemented by other theories,and ‘two stages view’ which means a development from the recognition theory to a plural concept of justice,and ‘three components view’which means a structure constituted by three parts of recognition theory,plural concept of justice and political ethical theory.This research seeks to provide a new explanation for Honneth’s theoretical development.That is to say the issue about justice is the main line throughout the development of Honneth’s theory.To answer this justice question Honneth began his work from the study of mutual recognition relations between individuals,which helped him to discover the significance of three recognition relationships of emotions,rights,value for the individual self-realization,then he accomplished a recognition-theoretical conception of justice based on the principles of establishing mutual interpersonal recognition relationships.In the debate with Fraser and other scholars about justice theory he found it unable to judge the standard of justice only base on the principles of establishing recognition relationships especially when the demands of recognition were conflictive.Through study of Hagel’s Philosophy of Right he constructed the concept of social freedom whose accomplishment is under the conditions of establishing mutual recognition relationships between individuals.In this way,recognition concept had been finally changed from the justice principle into the methodological approach of realizing social freedom.Meanwhile,the theoretical logic of ‘Recognition-Freedom-Justice’ emerged,which meant completion of transition of the justice principle from recognition to freedom.In addition to this,it strengthened the fundamental position of recognition in the justice theory.Therefore the theoretical logic from recognition to freedom is the key to explain the development of Honneth’s theoretical system,it reflects his dialectical ideology regarding the concept of recognition.To make his own unique conception of justice compared with contemporary main theories of justice,Honneth implemented two significant projects of theoretical development.One is to construct the concept of social freedom which is different from individualistic liberalism and egalitarian liberalism then treating it as the principle of justice.The other is to use the recognition paradigm which means achieving justice through mutual recognition,to replace the distribution paradigm which means achieving justice through equitable distribution.Also,Honneth developed the principles of justice by means of an analysis of society.He set out the steps by analyzing whether mutual recognition mechanisms existed between individuals in the various real life of the contemporary democratic constitutional society,so as to conclude conditions of realizing the social freedom,then to elucidate the principles of justice.But he did not strictly analyze every area of social life by all three kinds of recognition relationships mentioned above.Therefore according to his analysis logic,this study made supplementary analyses in all areas of social life by means of three recognition relationships,which are analyses about rights and value recognition relationships in social field,emotions and rights recognition relationships in economic field and emotions recognition relationship in political field.Then by gathering Honneth’s points of view,it would be able to establish a social analysis framework to evaluate principles of justice in the modern democratic constitutional societies.Honneth showed his views of historical materialism in the analysis of the market economy,the democratic constitutional state and so on.He profoundly criticized the social pathology in reality by disclosing the disrespect of recognition in capitalism,then made the realization of social freedom as an ideality of social life,that shows a logic from construction of the recognition theory to critique of capitalist society,then to the announcement of the social ideality.This logic proves that Honneth has developed Marxism by critique of capitalist modernity.Nevertheless,Honneth could not be able to find the way to overcome the social pathology in the capitalist society,and wish to achieve the society ideality through international cooperation,development of public cultural conception and other contingency factors.This provides the inspiration to solve the recognition problems and achieve the reality of social freedom under the socialist system.更多还原