【作者】 肖遥；

【导师】 石京；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 土木工程， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 驾驶分心是一种常见的不当驾驶行为,是引发交通事故的重要因素之一。近年来分心行为才逐渐受到研究者们的关注,其对交通安全和交通效率的影响仍需进一步分析研究。本文研究目的是剖析对不同分心行为产生影响的因素,探讨不同的分心行为对交通安全和交流效率的具体影响。论文首先利用问卷调查方法,基于计划行为理论建立了分心行为产生因素的结构方程模型,并通过调查数据对模型进行了验证,分析了不同分心行为影响因素的差异,包括喝水、接听电话、使用手机软件三种行为。其次,借助驾驶模拟实验平台和眼动仪设备,收集了驾驶员在不同分心情景下的驾驶表现,包括车辆运行数据和驾驶员注意分配数据。并结合问卷调查的部分数据进行综合分析,获得了驾驶员在自由驾驶、电话聊天、微信语音聊天和微信打字聊天时的驾驶特征及驾驶员注视区域的分布情况,探讨了分心驾驶对交通安全的影响。最后,建立了分心行为随机发生模型和改进的优化速度模型,通过计算机仿真,分析了分心行为对交通流稳定性和交通效率的影响。研究结果表明,驾驶员的态度和知觉行为控制是导致各类分心行为发生的主要因素,而主观规范对于驾驶时手机的使用有显著影响。驾驶员认为使用手机软件最为危险,在态度上也最反对开车时使用手机软件。研究同时得到了常见分心行为的发生频率,并总结了分心行为较多的驾驶员群体特征。此外,分心行为对交通安全和交通效率均存在显著的负面作用。一方面,分心时的驾驶速度、跟车距离、换道频率、驾驶稳定性等均有明显变化,驾驶员对道路信息的获取能力降低,更易发生交通事故;另一方面,交通流的稳定性受到干扰,道路通行能力降低,交通效率降低。同时,分心程度较严重的行为,如微信打字,对驾驶表现和交通安全的影响更大;而长时分心对道路流量和交通效率的影响比短时分心也更大。本文量化分析了各种分心行为对驾驶员表现的综合影响,建立了考虑分心行为的交通流模型,探讨了不同分心行为的发生因素,其结论为分心行为的进一步研究以及分心行为的矫正提供了支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Driving distraction is a common aberrant driving behavior and one of the major factors related to traffic accidents.In recent years,distraction gradually attracts the concern of researchers,but the impact of distraction on traffic safety and traffic efficiency still needs to be further studied.The aim of this study includes the factors leading to distraction,effects of distraction on traffic safety and traffic efficiency.The dissertation firstly establishes the structural equation model about the motivation of distracted behavior,and conducts a questionnaire survey to test this model.The main factors leading to distracted behaviors are revealed and the different influencing factors among three kinds of distracting behavior are analyzed,including drinking,answering a phone and using phone software.Secondly,by means of driving simulation experiment and eye tracking equipment,driver performance in different distraction scenarios are collected,including vehicle data and driver attention distribution data.Combined with the data obtained from part of the questionnaire,driver performance and the distribution region of driver vision are comprehensively analyzed under four conditions,normal driving,talking on a phone while driving,talking via phone software while driving and typing on phone software while driving.The impact of distracted driving on traffic safety is also discussed.Thirdly,based on above research,a distraction random occurrence model is established,and an improved optimal velocity model considering the distracting behaviour is simulated.The degree of interference of distraction on traffic stability and traffic efficiency is analyzed.The results indicate attitude and perceived behavioral control are main factors of distracted behavior while driving,while subjective norm has significant influence on mobile phone use while driving.The respondents believes using phone software is most dangerous and they are mostly against this behavior.The frequency of common distracting behaviors are also calculated,and the characteristics of drivers who had more distracted behaviors are summarized.Besides,distracted behavior has negative effect on both traffic safety and traffic efficiency.On one hand,the driving speed,headway,lane changing frequency and driving stability obviously change when distracted.The ability of driver obtaing road information decreases when distracted and accident is more likely to happen.On the other hand,the stability of traffic flow is disturbed by driving distraction and the traffic capacity decreases.This paper analyzes the comprehensive influence of distracted behavior on driver performance and establishes a traffic flow model considering distracted behavior.The factors affecting distracted behavior are also discussed.This study provides support for further research of distraction and distracted behavior correction.更多还原