【作者】 雷鸣；

【导师】 束景南；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 作为南宋末期浙东的儒家学者,黄震既是程朱理学的继承者,又是其修正者。黄震虽然极为推崇二程、朱熹,但对其不当之处也一一指出。黄震虽然身处疑经惑古思潮兴起的宋代,既不固守经注,又不盲目疑经,而是务求其是,择善而从,多作持平之论。黄震的理学思想,主要体现在:在天理观方面,黄震主要继承了程、朱的观点。他在一些具体而微的问题或观点上对前儒的理论或有所修正,或有所推进。在认识论方面,黄震主要继承了程朱理学的格物致知观,黄震认为心是认知的主体,具有主观知觉和认识、反映事物的功能。还认为心具有主观能动性,心具有仁义道德的内涵。黄震反对"圣人生而知之"的观点。在修养境界论方面,黄震主张重义轻利,同时也强调以义为利的观念。黄震主张祛除人欲,以明天理,并提出了主敬以及反对静坐养心的修养工夫。关于曾点气象,黄震坚持严肃的道德修养,反对狂者气象和对"疏狂"的渲染,强调儒家的经世致用精神。在道统观方面,黄震建构了完整的宋儒程朱一系的道统谱系,大力批评陆九渊、叶适等人的道统观,为程朱一系争夺道统的正统继承权。在对宋儒的评价方面,黄震视周敦颐、二程、朱熹、黄幹为理学正宗,视二程门人杨时、谢良佐为程门染于佛老者,视张九成、陆九渊、杨简为流入心学者,视叶适为事功学派。黄震理学思想的特点体现在其推崇孔子,呈现出强烈的回归先秦孔孟之道的倾向。他主张平实、重躬行,强调要以孔子之是非为是非。黄震力辟老庄、道教、佛教和禅学,以维护儒家正统思想。黄震重视求实致用,反对谈虚论空,推动了理学的通俗化和普及化。黄震的经学思想,主要体现在:在易学方面,黄震的对于象数易与义理易这两大流派,推崇义理易,对邵雍的易学表示怀疑。他推崇程颐、朱熹的易说,但对二人易说中的一些观点也加以补正。在《尚书》学方面,黄震既称赞蔡沈《书集传》之优点,同时也对其不足之处进行了补正。在《诗经》学方面,黄震对历史上形成的对《诗序》的尊、废问题,主张是其是,非其非,既指出《诗序》中的穿凿附会之处,又反对尽废《诗序》,对此问题持持平之论。在《礼》学方面,黄震对《礼记》有褒有贬。其之所以对《礼记》褒扬,在于《礼记》中的许多内容是程朱理学思想的资料来源,同时黄震也以理学的观点来解释《礼记》的经文。其之所以对《礼记》贬斥,在于《礼记》中的许多内容参杂了汉儒的观点。在《春秋》学方面,黄震着重阐发了《春秋》中的孔子大义,尤其是尊王攘夷方面。但黄震反对后世学者以褒贬凡例而说《春秋》,反对对《春秋》的"微言大义"穿凿附会。黄震还论及了《春秋》的历法问题,反对周正,主张夏正。黄震还比较了《春秋》三传的异同,对三传的各自特色进行了阐发。在《孝经》学方面,黄震调和《孝经》的今、古文之争,作持平之论。在《论语》学方面,黄震注重对言简意赅的《论语》进行义理的阐发。其论《论语》,主要论宋人之《论语》注释,同时也提出了自己对《论语》的独到见解。在《孟子》学方面,黄震推崇孟子,对于《孟子》其书,则注重阐发、补正朱熹《孟子》注的观点,并对《孟子》中"权"的思想提出自己的看法。理学是经学演变发展的产物,是经学的哲理化;而经学是理学家阐述义理的载体,理学家通过经学来表达自己的观点。黄震以儒家经典为载体来发挥其理学思想,黄震的理学与经学呈现出一种水乳交融、密不可分的关系。黄震通过经学来阐发理学的义理,而理学也促进了其对经学进行更深入的阐释。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the late Southern Song dynasty Confucian scholars of east zhejiang,Huang Zhen was both Neo-Confucianism’s successor,and its amendment.Although Huang Zhen speak highly of the Two Chengs and Zhu Xi,but also point out to its improper way.Huang Zhen was not confused about what had just happened by the rise of the ideological trend of the Song dynasty,neither on the note,do not blindly doubt the again,but its is.Huang Zhen neo-confucianism thought,mainly reflects in:in terms of justice view,Huang Zhen mainly inherited the Two Chengs and Zhu Xi’s point of view.He on some vital issues or ideas of Confucianism theory or before correction,or make progress.In terms of epistemology,Huang Zhen mainly inherited the neo-confucianism new-confucianism view,Huang Zhen think the heart is the cognitive subject,with subjective perception and cognition,reflect the features of things.Also believe that the heart has the subjective initiative,the heart has the connotation of virtue and morality.Huang Zhen against "saint inborn" point of view.In the aspect of cultivation theory,Huang Zhen advocated,valuing loyalty over money at the same time also emphasized with the concept of justice for.Huang Zhen advocated dispel human to tomorrow,and put forward the main worship,as well as opposed to sit yangxin accomplishment.As to Zeng Dian Style,Huang Zhen adhere to a serious moral tutelage,against madness and rendering of "I",to highlight the Confucian ethos connoted spirit.In all aspects,construct the complete Song Rucheng Huang Zhen zhu ruling spectrum of a system,strong criticism of Lu Jiu-yuan,Ye and others in the way of orthodoxy,for Cheng Zhu a series for the legitimate succession of dao.In the evaluation of the song,Huang Zhen zhou dunyi,cheng and zhu xi,p redictors of authentic,two master Yang cheng,Xie Liangzuo gate of routine dye in the elder,zhang ninety percent,lu jiu-yuan,Yang Jian to flow into the heart of scholars,ye as his undertaking.Huang Zhen neo-confucianism thought is embodied in the characteristics of its promoting Confucius,showing a strong tendency to return to qin dao.He advocated plain,the heavy practice,emphasize to Confucius of right and wrong is wrong.Huang Zhenli monarch zhuang zi,Taoism,Buddhism and zen,in order to maintain the Confucian orthodoxy.Huang Zhen attaches great importance to the realistic practical against the empty talk about imaginary theory,promote the secularization and popularization of science.Huang Zhen Confucian classics,mainly reflects in:in terms of yi-ology,the Huang Zhen for yi yi and image-number these two schools,promoting philosophical connotation,doubt shao yung’s yi-ology.He thinks highly of cheng and zhu xi yi said,but said to the two people easy to some of the views have to be corrected.In the book of history science,Huang Zhen praised both Cai Shen "biography of book collection and advantages,as well as the shortcomings of the new amendments.Learned in the book of songs,Huang Zhen in history of the formation of the"preface",waste problem,claims it is,not its not,both forced analogy of the"preface" are pointed out,and against all the waste,"preface" hold ChiPingZhiLun on this question.In terms of "the ritual" learn,Huang Zhen there is praise for "rites" fall.It is the "rites" praise,is that many of the "rites" in the source of content is neo-confucianism thought,also Huang Zhen in science view to explain "rites" of the scriptures.It’s the "rites" disgraced,is that many of the "rites" in the content of the han dynasty.Learning ways,in the spring and autumn annals Huang Zhen emphatically elucidates the Confucius’s sense of honor in the spring and autumn annals,especially the statue of the king of above aspects.But Huang Zhen against the later scholars has received notice said that the spring and autumn annals,in opposition to the spring and autumn annals "how’s sense of honor" forced analogy.Huang Zhen also deals with the problem of the spring and autumn annals calendar,against that week,is in the summer of claims.Huang Zhen also compares the three preach the similarities and differences of the spring and autumn annals,elucidating the respective characteristics of three pass.Huang Zhen in xiao jing "learning to reconcile the basis of this,this,ChiPingZhiLun.In the analects of Confucius,emphasizes Huang Zhen simply for elucidating the argumentation of "the analects".The theory of "the analects",the main theory of poets in annotation of the analects of Confucius,but also put forward his original ideas on the analects of Confucius.Huang Zhen in"Mencius" learning promoting Meng Zi,for "Mencius" the book focuses on interpreting,the correction of zhu xi’s "Mencius" note’s point of view,and with the idea of "Mencius" in "right" to put forward their own views.Neo-Confucianism is a product of evolution development,Confucianism is the philosophy of Confucian classics;The Confucian classics is the carrier of neo-confucianism in this paper,the principles,Confucian classics to express their views.Huang Zhen in Confucian classics as the carrier to develop its ideology,the Huang Zhen neo-confucianism and classics presents a cozy and inseparable relationship.Huang Zhen by Confucian classics of physical principles of exposition,and neo-confucianism has promoted the further interpretation of Confucian classics.更多还原