【作者】 张鹏；

【导师】 李全喜；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 中国工程院院士们发出呼吁:在21世纪经济全球化和知识经济大趋势下,我国应大力引进和实施知识管理战略,从管理层面上切实提高我国企业在国际上的竞争实力。知识管理作为21世纪初期管理学的前沿性研究,是实现知识资源价值最为有效的方式。然而,面对激烈地市场竞争和不确定的外部环境,企业滞后、封闭知识管理方式尚不能满足发展需要,只有通过知识资源在不同企业之间同步、协调运作才能赶超时代步伐。知识资源同步协调运作即知识协同,是知识管理的高级形式及其发展的必然趋势,是一种高效地网络化知识管理。它正在供应链企业联盟之间迅速兴起。国内外学者对于供应链视角下知识协同的相关研究大多还在探索阶段,对于其定义和内涵的阐述仍缺乏权威研究成果,对知识协同运行过程、作用机理也没有深入系统地剖析;在知识协同与绩效关系研究方面,多数学者围绕两者的直接相关性展开讨论,或者以创新为中介变量探究两者之间的路径。尚未有文献从柔性角度搭建两者之间的中介“桥梁”。综上所述,本文将从供应链企业知识协同与供应链知识转化着手,探究知识协同深层次运行机理;同时构建理论模型,以剖析知识协同与供应链绩效间的影响路径及供应链柔性的中介作用。具体研究内容包含以下5点。1.从知识层面、节点企业层面、供应链层面3个层面讨论供应链企业间知识协同的驱动因素。在此基础上针对供应链环境下的链状或者网状结构,从社会网络视角出发,构建供应链企业知识协同网络模型,该模型包括协同主体、协同客体、协同渠道和协同情境4个构成要素;同时从主体关联性、客体互补性、动态性、复杂性和循环性5个方面分析了供应链网络生态系统知识协同的基本特征。2.在上述研究基础之上,本文构建供应链企业间知识协同过程模型,根据模型将供应链企业间知识协同过程阐释为知识共享、知识转移、知识获取、知识整合、知识应用及知识创新的非线性作用,同时有知识粘滞、知识重叠、知识破损、知识不兼容等连带现象,以及知识评价、知识保护等辅助手段。3.将经典的SECI知识转化模型扩展为二维的供应链知识转化模型,引入节点企业内部和节点企业外部这一新维度,并将SECI模型中广义的社会化、外化、联结化和外化4种知识转化模式扩展为供应链企业外(内)部知识局部外化、联合性内(外)部化、内(外)部知识局部内化、社会性外(内)部化8种供应链知识转化模式。供应链知识转化可以起始于任何一种知识状态,并且由知识状态决定了知识转化模式;不同的知识转化模式可以同时进行,同一知识转化模式可以同时按顺时针和逆时针两个方向推进。同时,在此研究基础上,剖析供应链知识转化模式在知识共享、知识转移、知识获取、知识整合、知识应用及知识创新等协同行为中的推动作用,并且认为供应链知识转化与供应链知识协同相互包含,相互促进。4.对自变量——供应链企业间5种知识协同行为、因变量——供应链绩效、中介变量——供应链资源柔性、供应链协调柔性进行内涵界定;依据学者们相关研究,提出变量之间的关系假设;构建供应链企业间知识协同与供应链绩效的关系模型。5.对各相关变量进行量表开发,设计并发放调查问卷;对数据样本进行偏度、峰度等描述性分析,并对变量进行信度、效度检验;通过spss软件对不同层次的变量两两之间进行相关性检验;构建结构方程模型,运用amos软件对模型整体适配度及各假设关系进行检验;依据验证结果展开讨论。通过对以上内容的研究,本文得出以下结论。1.供应链企业间知识协同是一个动态复杂、对立统一、由无序到有序的抽象过程,可以理解为知识共享、知识转移、知识获取、知识整合、知识应用和知识创造6种知识协同行为非线性作用的结果,不同知识协同行为之间在逻辑上层层递进,时间上并行发生。2.供应链知识转化二维模型包括供应链企业外(内)部知识局部外化、联合性内(外)部化、内(外)部知识局部内化、社会性外(内)部化8种主导性知识转化模式。供应链节点企业之间的知识转化可以以任一形态的知识为起点;任一形态的知识均呈现顺时针或逆时针两个方向自由转化的状态。供应链知识转化是一个动态递进的过程,8种知识转化模式协调运作,任何一种模式的弱化都会影响其它模式。3.知识协同行为依靠知识转化的推动进行。知识共享通过内部知识局部外化和联合性外部化实现;知识转移和知识获取通过社会性内部化和联合性内部化实现;知识整合通过社会性内部化、内部知识局部外化即联合性内部化实现;知识应用通过内部知识局部外化和内部知识局部外化实现;知识创造则需要8种知识转化模式共同作用实现。知识协同在知识转化的推动下完成,知识转化和知识协同行为之间存在相互蕴含、相互促进,前者实现了知识形态的变更,后者完成了知识主体的迁移。4.依据国内外学者的相关研究成果,从知识共享、知识转移、知识获取、知识整合和知识应用多维度探究供应链企业间知识协同对供应链绩效的影响作用;从柔性角度引入资源柔性、协调柔性作为中介变量,挖掘知识协同与绩效关系的新路径。实证研究结果证明,知识获取、知识整合、知识应用对供应链绩效的关系路径中,以柔性为中介变量的间接作用较明显。该理论模型的构建和实证研究分析为今后的研究提供了论据,也从实践角度为如何通过供应链企业间知识协同提升绩效水平提供决策支持。本文研究结论在理论方面有以下学术贡献。首先,构建供应链知识转化二维模型。该模型的构建是对知识转化相关理论的丰富,使其更具体化、细致化,也为后续研究提供理论依据。其次,剖析供应链企业间知识协同运行过程,并将其细化为6种在逻辑上顺承、时间上并行的知识协同行为。该结论将供应链企业间知识协同抽象过程“分解”为具体的协同活动,是对相关理论研究的完善和深化。再次,阐释各个协同行为中知识转化模式,揭示供应链企业间知识协同与知识转化的作用机理。该理论从深层上探究知识协同在供应链企业间的运行,是对相关领域研究空白的补充。最后,构建供应链企业间知识协同与供应链绩效关系的理论模型,通过实证分析对关系假设进行检验,结果证明大部分假设与最初设想一致。该结论是对相关理论的深化和拓展,也为未来研究提供假设依据。本文研究结论的实践价值有以下几点。首先,成员企业间知识资源的协同运行,使供应链整体运行效率得以提升。其次,通过知识协同,降低供应链各项成本,提升成员企业创新水平,进而提升供应链整体竞争优势。再次,对供应链企业间知识协同的深入研究可以为供应链成员企业制定战略发展目标提供决策依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Academicians in CAE appeals that under the background of 21 century with economic globalization and knowledge economy, China should introduce and implement knowledge management strategy and improve competitiveness of Chinese enterprises in international market. Knowledge management has become leading studies of management in early 21 century, which is the most effective mode to realize knowledge resource value. However, facing towards fierce market competition and uncertain external environment, the lagging and enclosed knowledge management mode has not yet satisfied development demand. Only though simultaneous and harmonious operation among enterprises, can enterprise keep pace with time.The synchronic and coordinative operation of knowledge resource is actually knowledge synergy, which is necessary tendency of senior form of knowledge management development, as well as a kind of highly efficient network knowledge management, emerging rapidly among enterprise alliance in supply chain.Related studies made by scholars home and abroad on knowledge management especially knowledge synergy are still in exploration stage. The definition and connotation of it lacks authoritative research achievements. There is no further and systematic explanation about internal mechanism and dynamic mechanism of knowledge synergy; in the aspect of the relation between knowledge synergy and performance, most scholars develop discussion centering on direct relevance between the two or explores the route between the two with innovation as metavariable; there is no study to establish relation bridge between the two from the flexible perspective.Above all, the thesis will study and solve problems like knowledge synergy evolvement pattern of supply chain enterprises, further operation mechanism, and influential path of knowledge synergy, flexibility and supply chain performance and so on. The specific contents are as follows.1. Talking about the driving factors of the knowledge cooperation between the supply chain enterprises from three levels, for example, level of knowledge, level of junction enterprises and level of supply chain enterprises. Basing on it and focusing on the chain structure or net structure under the environment of supply chain to build the knowledge coordination network model for the supply chain enterprises from the point of the society network. The model includes four components such as collaborative subject, collaborative object, collaborative channel and collaborative situation, in the same time, analyzes the basic characteristics of the knowledge collaborative of the network ecosystem of the supply chain from five aspects, such as subject relevancy, objective complementarity, dynamics, complexity and cyclicity.2. Based on the above research, building the knowledge collaboration operating model among supply chain enterprises. Explaining the knowledge collaboration between the supply chain enterprises as the result of knowledge sharing, knowledge transmitting, knowledge gaining, knowledge integration, knowledge application and the knowledge innovation nonlinear function based on the model, in the same time, there are the additional phenomena such as knowledge stickiness, knowledge overlapping, knowledge damage, knowledge not compatible and so on, and the supplementary means as knowledge evaluation, knowledge protection and so on.3. Turning the classic SECI knowledge transformation model into the planar knowledge transformation model of supply chain, and leading in the new dimension, interior enterprises and external enterprises, meanwhile, expanding the four knowledge transformation model as socialization, externalization, collaboration, and externalization into the transformation model which including the eight leading knowledge as partial externalization of the external knowledge of the supply chain enterprises, partial externalization of the internal knowledge of the supply chain enterprises, collaboration internalization, collaboration externalization, partial internalization of the internal knowledge, partial internalization of the external knowledge, social internalization and social externalization. The transformation course can begin with any knowledge state and the knowledge state decides the knowledge transformation model, different knowledge transformation model can be operated at the same time, and the same knowledge transformation model and be advanced follows two directions, clockwise and counterclockwise. In the same time, based on the research, analyzing the mechanism of action of the knowledge transformation model in knowledge sharing, knowledge transmitting, knowledge gaining, knowledge integration, knowledge application, knowledge innovation and so on.4. Define the connotation of independent variables like five kinds of knowledge synergy behaviors among supply chain enterprises, dependent variable-supply chain performance, metavariable-supply chain resource flexibility, supply chain coordination flexibility; according to previous studies, hypothesis about variable relation is proposed; construct relation model between knowledge synergy and supply chain performance among supply chain enterprises.5. Develop scale of each correlated variable, design and issue investigation questionnaire; make descriptive analysis like skewness, kurtosis and reliability and validity analysis; make correlation test among variables at different levels through SPSS software; establish structural equation model; apply AMOS software to conclude adaptive degree between data sample and theoretical model; analyze and discuss targeting at verification results.Through study over above contents, the thesis makes the following conclusion.1. The knowledge synergy among supply chain enterprises is a dynamic, complicated and abstract process with unity of opposites, which can be understood as the result of nonlinearity effect of six kinds of knowledge synergies including knowledge sharing, transfer, acquirement, integration, application and innovation. Different knowledge synergy behaviors go forward one by one at logical level and occur parallel in time.2. The two dimensional model of supply chain knowledge transfer includes eight kind of dominant knowledge transfer patterns external(internal) knowledge partial externalization of supply chain enterprises, unite internalization(externalization) internal(external) knowledge partial internalization, social externalization and internalization. Knowledge transfer among node enterprises in supply chain can start from any form of knowledge; any form of knowledge is in stratus of clockwise or anticlockwise free transfer. Supply chain knowledge transfer is a dynamic progressive process. Coordinative operation of eight knowledge transfer patterns and the weakening of any pattern will influence other patterns; as a result, supply chain node enterprises should balance transfer of eight kinds of knowledge and achieve stable operation.3. Knowledge sharing is realized through partial externalization of internal knowledge and unite externalization; knowledge transfer and acquirement is realized through social internalization and unite internalization; knowledge integration is realized through social internalization, particle externalization of internal knowledge, unite internalization; knowledge application is realized through particle externalization of internal knowledge and partial externalization of internal knowledge; knowledge innovation needs to be realized by transfer pattern of eight kinds of knowledge; knowledge synergy is finished under the promotion of knowledge transfer; there is mutual containment, promotion existing between knowledge transfer and synergy; the former realizes change in knowledge form, and the latter finishes transfer in knowledge subject.4. According to the relative research results of the scholars in home and abroad, studying the influence of the knowledge collaboration between enterprises to the supply chains performance from the aspects of knowledge sharing, knowledge transmitting, knowledge gaining, knowledge integration, knowledge application; from the flexibility perspective, taking the resource flexibility and collaboration flexibility as the intervening variable to dig the new route of the relation between the knowledge collaboration and the performance. The empirical results prove that the relation route of the knowledge gaining, knowledge integration, knowledge application to the performance of the supply chain, the indirect effect of taking the flexibility as the intervening variable is more obvious. The building and empirical analysis of the theory model provides evidence for the research in the future, it also provide the decision support for the question that how to improve the performance level from the knowledge collaboration between supply chain enterprises in the aspect of practice.The research conclusion of the thesis contributes to the following aspects: first integrate different theories of interdiscipline, laying theoretical basis for knowledge synergy among supply chain enterprises; secondly, the construction of two-dimensional model of supply chain knowledge synergy enriches related theories to knowledge transfer, realizing specific, detailed theories, providing theoretical basis for successive studies; secondly, the analysis on knowledge synergy operation among supply chain enterprises and explanation about knowledge transfer pattern in each synergy behavior construct a set of clear and complete knowledge synergy theory among enterprises in supply chain. The theory explores the operation of knowledge synergy among supply chain enterprises from the perspective of further mechanism, which is supplement to blank in studies of research fields. Finally, the thesis constructs the theoretical model between knowledge synergy and performance among enterprises in supply chain, and verifies whether hypothesis is valid through empirical study, which is expansion as to related theories, providing hypothesis basis for successive studies.The practical value of the research conclusion is manifested in the following aspects: first, improve overall operation efficiency of supply chain through synergy operation of knowledge resource among member enterprises; secondly, reduce cost, improve enterprise research and development level though knowledge synergy, thus improving competitiveness of products or service; next, knowledge synergy can provide basis for member enterprises to formulate strategic development targets.更多还原