【作者】 雷轶鸣；

【导师】 温志渝；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 随着便携式设备、可穿戴设备、无线传感网络和物联网等的高速发展和广泛应用,供电问题已成为制约这些领域发展的共性技术瓶颈。面向环境动能的微型振动能量收集器,具有体积小、寿命长、绿色环保、成本低等优点已成为解决这一问题的重要技术途径。论文针对微型振动能量收集器工作频带窄等问题,开展微型电磁振动能量收集器频带拓展的机理与关键技术的研究,具有重要的科学意义和应用需求。论文针对微型电磁振动能量收集器工作频带窄的问题,提出了一种基于多模态与非线性复合的微型电磁振动能量收集器新结构;建立了非线性多模态微型电磁振动能量收集器的动力学模型,根据该模型分析了能量收集器的振动特性、电磁特性和频带拓展的机理;基于矩形永磁体磁场分布的分析和换能因数的计算,形成了该微型电磁振动能量收集器结构参数优化的新方法,完成了微型电磁振动能量收集器结构参数的优化设计;基于ANSYS仿真和Duffering方程,系统地分析了非线性度对频带宽度的影响,预测了频带宽度随加速度变化的趋势;完成了微型电磁振动能量收集器的加工,研制出原理样机;搭建了实验测试平台,完成了原理样机输出性能的测试与分析。测试结果表明:样机总体积为5.625 cm3,在1.5g加速度,中心频率45.6 Hz时,样机的频带宽度为10.1 Hz,归一化频带宽度为24.9%,对应输出电压为336.02 mV,输出功率为112.9μW。论文的主要工作是:(1)在重点研究微型电磁振动能量收集器频带拓展技术国内外现状的基础上,分析了微型电磁振动能量收集器频带拓展技术存在的问题,确定了论文研究的目标和研究内容;(2)为了拓展微型电磁振动能量收集器的工作频带宽度,提出了一种基于多模态与非线性复合的新结构,建立了多模态非线性微型电磁振动的动力学模型,分析了该能量收集器的特性和频带拓展的机理;(3)根据具体应用环境分析了多模态非线性微型电磁振动能量收集器的主要技术指标,开展了能量收集器结构的优化设计。采用ANSYS有限元软件分析了多模态非线性微型电磁振动能量收集器中各拾振系统的振动特性和非线性特性,结合Duffering方程系统地分析了能量收集器拾振结构非线性度对其频带宽度的影响;(4)根据提出的多模态非线性微型电磁振动能量收集器结构,确定了加工工艺,完成了微型电磁振动能量收集器的加工与组装,研制出原理样机;(5)搭建了多模态非线性微型电磁振动能量收集器的实验测试平台,完成了原理样机的性能测试。测试结果表明:原理样机对应的三个谐振频率40.5 Hz、68.2 Hz和146 Hz均在设计指标要求的范围内。当激励加速度≥1g时,原理样机在一阶谐振频率、二阶谐振频率处均有效拓频(即拾振系统Ⅰ和拾振系统Ⅱ处于非线性振动状态);由于拾振系统Ⅲ的非线性度较小,样机在三阶谐振频率(146 Hz)处拓频效果不明显。在1.5 g加速度,频率45.6 Hz时,样机的频带宽度为10.1 Hz,对应输出电压336.02 mV,输出功率112.9μW。且实验测试结果与理论分析结果基本一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of wireless mobile electronic devices and systems, the micro energy harvesters based on MEMS technology, which harvests energy from environment, has become a research hotspot in recent years. Micro energy harvesters which harvest energy from the environment and convert it into electricity have many advantages such as smaller volume, simple structure, long service life, green environmental protection and low cost. They are ideal power for low-power micro devices and system and have become one of the research hot-spot in the micro energy technology. But there are some prombles not solved in pratical application of micro energy harvesters. In order to improve the micro vibration energy harvester adaptability to the environment, the frequency band widening mechanism and key the technology of micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters were studied in this thesis. It has an important scientific significance and specific application requirements.In this thesis, aimed at widening the bandwidth of the micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, a new electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with multi-modals and nonlinearity vibration-picking structures is proposed. Corresponding dynamics models was established. Based on the dynamics model, the working principle and frequency band widening mechanism were carefully analyzed. According to the characteristics of the specific application environment and the theory of demand, determine the technical parameters of micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. A new optimization method of structure parameters was proposed by calculation transduction factor of the rectangular permanent magnet. The structural parameters were optimized in order to make the micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester have a broadband and the maximum power output at the same time. The ANSYS simulation combined with Duffering equation to analyze the effect of nonlinearity on the frequency bandwidth. Prototype of the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester was manufactured. The total volme of prototype is 5.625cm3. Set up the experimental platform. The principle prototype was tested and the measurement results were analyzed.The mainly research works in this thesis are:(1) The frequency widening techonolgy of micro electromagnetic micro energy harvesters at home and abroad was studied. In order to solve the problem which working bandwidth narrow of the electromagnetic energy harvester, the paper research goal and content were determined.(2) In order to widening the bandwidth, a micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with multi-modal and nonlinear technology was proposed. The dynamics model was established. Based on the dynamics model, the vibration characteristics, the magnetic properties and frequency widening mechanism of the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester were analyzed.(3) According to the specific vibration environment, a new optimizing method for structure parameters of the micro electromagnetic energy harvester was proposed. Structure parameters were determined and optimized. The ANSYS simulation combined with Duffering equation to analyze the effect of nonlinearity on the frequency bandwidth.(4) According to structure of the proposed micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, the corresponding processes were determined. The principle prototype was processed and assembled.(5) To test the output performance of the principle prototype, the experimental platform was set up. The test results shows: The prototype meets the design requirement and is able to extend bandwidth effectively in low-frequency vibration environments. When the acceleration is greater than 1g, the prototype can extend frequency effectively at the first order and second resonance frequency, there was no significant change in the bandwidth at the third order resonance frequency. At 1.5g excitation acceleration and the frequency of 45.6 Hz, the maximum bandwidth of the prototype is 10.1 Hz, corresponding load-voltage and output-power are 336 mV and 112.9 μW repectively. The test results are coinciding with theoretical analysis.更多还原