【作者】 饶晓晓；

【导师】 杨秉德；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 宁波、杭州属中国近代边缘城市,其城市建设的现代化进程虽明显滞后于上海、天津等近代主流城市,但作为浙江省内较早开启城市现代化进程的地区,在浙江省内具有一定的典型性和代表性,反映了近代中国城市现代化进程的一个侧面。论文以1840～1937年宁波、杭州为研究对象,从其影响因素、城市建设管理制度、城市建设与建筑活动等方面展开研究。在调研及相关史料梳理的基础上,定义1927年之前为近代杭州、宁波城市发展的前期,1927年之后为近代杭州、宁波城市发展的后期。论文梳理了杭州、宁波近代前期(1927年之前)城市建设发展的各类影响因素以及城市建设管理制度的发展概况,梳理了近代前期宁波、杭州城市建设与建筑活动的发展脉络。宁波、杭州近代前期城市建设的现代化进程以“异”(差异性)为主导性特征,这种“异”即体现为宁波的“先发被动”与杭州的“后发主动”。宁波近代开埠较早,其城市建设的现代化进程是伴随着西方殖民者的入侵以及江北外人居留地的开辟而被动开启的,因此是“先发的”和“被动的”。杭州开埠较晚,其城市建设现代化进程的起步较晚,由中国政府所主导,是中国主动学习西方现代城市建设理念的产物,因此是“后发的”和“主动的”,1920年代,杭州逐步实现对宁波的超越。论文梳理了杭州、宁波近代后期(1927年之后)城市建设管理制度的整体框架,对浙江省级及杭州、宁波市级城市建设管理制度展开研究,包括现代城市建设管理机构的建立、现代城市建设管理法规的颁布及现代工程项目建设程序的形成等,此外梳理了近代后期宁波、杭州城市建设与建筑活动的发展脉络。宁波、杭州在近代后期城市建设的现代化进程中“异”(差异性)“同”(相似性)并存。“同”即是指近代后期宁波、杭州具有较为统一的行政体系架构及城市建设管理制度架构,与此同时还具有较为相似的各类影响因素；“异”则是指杭州自1920年代赶超宁波之后,至1930年代城市建设现代化进程领先于宁波。论文对近代前期、后期宁波、杭州的城市建设管理制度进行了比较,得出如下结论：1.近代前期宁波、杭州的城市建设管理制度均是效仿主流城市现代城市建设管理制度的产物；2.近代后期宁波、杭州的城市建设管理制度均是效仿主流城市南京、上海的城市建设管理制度的产物,且在发展程度上均滞后于同时期的南京、上海；3.近代后期杭州的城市建设管理制度相对更接近于上海,宁波的城市建设管理制度则远远滞后于上海、杭州,与杭州形成较大差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hangzhou and Ningbo belong to the edge cities in modern China. Although the modernization process of their urban construction obviously lags behind that in Shanghai, Tianjin and other mainstream cities in modern times, as the regions where their city modernization process opens up relatively earlier in Zhejiang Province, which has a certain typicality and representativeness in this province, and these two cities reflect another side in the process of urban modernization in modern China. This dissertation takes Hangzhou and Ningbo (from 1840 to 1937) as its research object, analyzing their influence factors, urban construction management system, city construction and the architectural activities.Based on the survey and correlated historical data analyses, the dissertation defines the period prior to 1927 as the early stage of development for Hangzhou and Ningbo while the period after this year as their later development stage.This dissertation reviews the various factors affecting the development of urban construction and management system in the early Hangzhou and Ningbo (before 1927) and the developing venation of urban construction and architectural activities for modern Ningbo and Hangzhou in early times. The early modernization process of urban construction in Ningbo and Hangzhou in modern times is marked by "difference" (distinction), and this "difference" embodies in the "active first, passive later" in Ningbo and "passive first, active later" in Hangzhou. Ningbo opened its port early in modern times and the modernization process of the urban construction was accompanied by the western colonists’ invasion and the settlement of outsiders, and its modernization was started passively. Therefore, it’s "active first, passive later". Hangzhou opened its port relatively late, so its process of modernization starts relatively late, which is led by the Chinese government. It is the result of actively learning from the concept of the western modern urban development, so it is "passive later" and "active first". In the 1920s, Hangzhou gradually surpassed Ningbo.The dissertation reviews the overall framework of the urban construction management system in Hangzhou and Ningbo after 1927 and carries out researches on the systems of urban construction administration at Zhejiang provincial level as well as Hangzhou and Ningbo municipal levels, including the establishment of modern urban construction management institutions, the promulgation of modern urban construction management regulations and the formation of modern engineering project construction procedures. In addition, the developing venation of urban construction and architectural activities in later modern times in Ningbo and Hangzhou has been reviewed. The "difference" (distinction) and the "sameness" (similarity) during the process of urban construction modernization in Ningbo and Hangzhou co-exist. The "sameness" refers to the fact that Ningbo and Hangzhou have a relatively unified administrative system and urban construction management system frame in the later modern times, and at the same time, there are also various of similar influence factors. The "difference" refers to the fact that Hangzhou has been surpassing Ningbo in the process of urban construction from the 1920s to the 1930s.The dissertation also makes a comparison study on the city construction management system in Ningbo in early and late modern period, as well as in Hangzhou, and then conclusions are drawn as follows:1. The city construction management system in Ningbo and Hangzhou in the early modern times is the result of modeling the modern urban construction management system in mainstream cities 2. The city construction management system in Ningbo and Hangzhou in the late modern times is the result of modeling the system in the mainstream cities like Nanjing and Shanghai, but the degree of development falls behind that of Nanjing and Shanghai within the same period.3. Hangzhou’s urban construction management system in modern times is much closer to that of Shanghai; Ningbo’s urban construction management system is far behind that of Shanghai and Hangzhou, leading to a larger difference from Hangzhou.更多还原