节点文献
当代三家李白全集整理本比较研究
【作者】 张淑华；
【导师】 郝润华；
【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2015， 博士
【摘要】 20世纪80-90年代,出现了三种李白全集整理本,分别是瞿蜕园、朱金城的《李白集校注》(以下简称瞿朱本)、安旗、薛天纬、阎琦、房日晰的《李白全集编年注释》(以下简称安本)和詹镆、葛景春、刘崇德、詹福瑞等的《李白全集校注汇释集评》(以下简称詹本)。这三家整理本在继承前人注本的基础上,全面克服了历史上李诗注本的缺点,充分吸收了当代李白研究和相关领域的重要研究成果,体现了新时期李白诗文整理和李白研究的突出成就。本文从校勘、注释和评笺三个方面对三家李白全集整理本进行系统研究,总结归纳他们所取得的成绩及不足,为当代古籍整理提供理论与实践方面的经验与借鉴。论文第一部分从校勘底本、校本选择,校勘观念,校勘方法的使用三方面,对三家整理本进行了校勘方面的研究。发现瞿朱本补充了王注本未校出的大量异文,并对某些诗歌的异文变迁做了梳理,在基本坚持异同校的校勘观念下,有效使用他校法和理校法,对一些异文作出了合理的判断,在王琦注本的基础上取得了较大的进步。根据安本的校勘实践,总结了安本的校勘原则与按断校的校勘观念,并以实际校勘案例为证,归纳了安本在理教法方面取得的巨大成绩。其中,詹本的校勘成绩最为突出,更正了部分王本、瞿朱本漏校的字句,更由于参校了更多版本而校出了瞿朱本所未发现的大量异文。在异文观念上,詹本偏于按断校。主要采取的是他校法,强调对异文的更改必须要有合理依据,但是慎改底本,更多的时候是提出按断理由,并未改动原文。同时,还对大量两通的异文进行了优劣判断。论文还归纳了三家整理本在校勘方面存在的漏校、误校及校勘原则不清等问题。论文第二部分主要从注释体例、注释内容的选择上对三家整理本的特点进行了总结,探讨了三家在词语、名物、人物、地理、职官等方面的注释成就。瞿朱本订正了前注在注释方面的诸多错误,利用多种文献补充了诗中的人物和职官信息,并且在地理注释方面取得了突出的成就。安本在注释方面的最大特点是以简御繁,简而得要,切中要义补充前人注本,提出对有些词语和诗句的准确理解和独特看法,揭示诗歌的深刻含义。詹本的注释体式基本是征引训诂式,强调词汇的出处与由来。深受清代乾嘉学派注释思想影响,重视文献资料,重视客观考证,在地名、职官和人物考证方面取得了巨大的成绩,解决了李白研究中的许多重要问题。同时论文还分析了三家整理木在注释方面的不足,包括材料使用上的错误及注释的繁琐细碎问题。论文第三部分主要从诗歌编年、诗作的辨伪、评论材料选择等三方面来研究他们在评笺方面的成绩与不足。瞿朱本在评笺方面的突出成绩是从对李白行踪的分析中,第一次注意到了李白二入长安的端倪,并由此引发学界讨论,从而确立了李白二入长安的观点。同时,其对不少诗歌的作时、作地的考证,也为后来的李白诗文系年研究提供了有益的借鉴。安本的评笺优点主要在诗歌编年方面,除根据诗中所涉及的史实、时间、地理、行踪等因素系年外,还非常注意从对李诗中情绪流露的分析、对同期交游诗人诗作间联系的分析来寻找编年依据,丰富了现有诗歌系年方法,在李诗系年问题上取得了巨大的成绩。詹镆《李白诗文系年》中的许多重要成果均被安本和詹本吸收利用,其在系年问题上的一个突出成绩是解决了李白奉诏入京的地点问题。三家整理本均在李诗辨伪问题上提出了一些很有价值的看法。瞿朱本和安本在评论材料的选择上体现出力求精简、取舍严格的标准,詹本集评部分的集大成特点,客观上保留了大量李白研究资料。同时,论文还指出詹本在引用文献时不够规范的现象和安本在某些诗作系年上的问题。通过对三家整理本的研究,可以为当今李白集整理和古籍整理工作提供以下借鉴意义：1.瞿朱本在古籍整理工作开始前,建构了一个清晰、合理的以校勘、注释、评笺为三维的注释体例,不仅对其研究目标有了清晰的界定,也方便读者各取所需,取得了好的研究成果,值得当今古籍整理工作者思考。2.詹本尽可能多的占有研究资料,积极开拓资料来源,创新研究方法,值得当今古籍整理工作者学习借鉴。3.瞿朱本对当代史学领域及其他领域最新学术研究成果的借鉴,推动了其研究的深入,值得当今古籍整理工作者学习借鉴。4.安本的编年引起了广泛的学术讨论,客观上推动了李白研究的深入开展。在缺乏文献资料的背景下,安本通过对李白诗中情绪的分析与把握开拓出了一条新的研究方法,有其可资借鉴之处。
【Abstract】 Since 1980s and 1990s, three annotations of the complete collection of poetry by Li Bai appeared, which overcome many previous mistakes, marked the great achievement in compiling Li Bai’s poems and improvements in the research of Li Bai’s poems. Three versions are Qu Tuiyuan, Zhu Jincheng’s Emendation and Edition of the Collection of Poetry by Li Bai; An Qi, Xue Tianwei, Yan Qi, Fang Rixi’s Annotations to Annals of Complete Works of LI Bai, Zhan Ying, Ge Jingchun, Liu Chongde, Zhan Furui’s Compiling and Annotations of Works of Li Bai.This dissertation conducts systematic research of collation, annotation and appraisement of the three versions, aiming at finding advantages and disadvantages of different version, understanding features of collation, annotation and appraisement respectively, and giving suggestions on theory and practice to the edition of ancient books.The first part researches collation of the three versions from the practical application view point of original version, collated version, collating conception and method, finds that Qu and Zhu’s version completed Wang’s version, demonstrated its improvement, used two editing methods, and deducted different translation, Qu and Zhu made a great progress on the basis of Wang’s version. Based on collating practice, this part also summarizes the collating principle and verdict collating conception of An’s version, and then, summarizes the great achievements of the reasonable teaching methods through real collating case. Zhan’s version is the most valuable among the three versions. It corrected some words and expressions which had been missed by Wang’s and Qu’s version, and collated lots of variant text through referring to more versions. Zhan’s collating conception tends to correct variant text by verdict, and doesn’t correct original version as little as possible. This part also summarizes the problems of missing collate, wrong collate and unclear collating conception.Part 2 summarizes the three version’s features of annotation cases and contents, discusses their achievement about word, thing, people, geography and official position. Qu and Zhu’s version corrected many mistakes in former version, and supplemented information of people and official position in poems, and made outstanding achievements in geography annotation. The most typical feature of An’s version is changing complicated language to concise but abrupt ones. Advantages of the annotation include the improvement in location, official position, the textual research of human, chronicling the poems. Features of annotation include the emphasis of textual research and the method of comprehensive quotation. This part also analyzed insufficient of the three version, include comments of material use errors and complicated issues.Part 3 researches their achievement and shortage of poetry chronological, discrimination and materials selection. The outstanding achievement of Qu and Zhu’s version is analysis of LiBai’s track; they established the view of Li Bai went to the capital twice, and provided beneficial reference through textual research of when and where poems was created. The methods and achievements An’s version has made in chronological way which include find chronological evidence according to the time, location, emotion, trace and relations among lines of the poems; finding chronological clues by understanding the language accurately; using synchronous poems of other poets to chronicle; using the events in the poem to chronicle; using history and poem to prove each other. Many important results of Zhan Ying’s Chronological of Poems of Li Bai had been used in An’s and Zhan’s version, in which the location problem of Li Bai went to the capital was solved. The three versions put forward some valuable opinions on distinguishing true or false of poems. This part also points out that there are some defects in An’s poetry chronological, and the insufficient of standard when Zhan referenced the phenomenon.This dissertation provides the following reference on the aftertreatment of ancient books:1. Qu and Zhu’s version made a clear and reasonable construction with collation, annotation and appraisement not only to have a clear definition of its research target, also make it easier for readers to study, has achieved good results. That is worth deeply thinking by ancient books today.2. Zhan’s version possessed research materials as much as possible, and actively explored the source to innovate research methods. That is valuable for today’s researches to learn from.3. Qu and Zhu’s version promoted study deeply by using the latest academic research achievements of related areas within the territory of contemporary historiography. That is worth using for reference to researches of ancient books.4. An’s version chronological caused wide academic discussions, objectively promoted deeply development of the research of Li Bai. Under the background of the lack of documentation, An’s version carved out a new research method based on the analysis and grasp of emotion in Li Bai’ poems. That has its referents.