【作者】 王薇；

【导师】 李燕凌；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业科技服务与管理， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,中国的畜牧业得到了空前的发展,已经成为世界上畜牧养殖数量最大的国家,畜牧业也成为中国国民经济的重要组成部分。但是目前我国动物疫情防控形势越来越严峻复杂。动物疫病防治工作关系国家食物安全和公共卫生安全,关系社会和谐稳定,是政府社会管理和公共服务的重要职责,是农村农业工作的重要内容。2012年5月2日,《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划(2012-2020年)》(以下简称《规划》)经国务院常务会议审议通过发布实施。这是新中国成立以来,第一个指导全国动物疫病防治工作的综合性规划,是我国动物疫病防治发展史上的重要里程碑,标志着动物疫病防治工作进入了规划引领、科学防治的新阶段。本论文在此背景下,从政府管理的角度出发,依据《规划》的基本理念,研究影响我国动物疫情政府防控能力的基本要素,对于我国制定合理的防控政策、创新防控组织体系建设、防控技术推广以及促进、社会防控资源整合有着很强的迫切性和现实性。本文在公共管理学、危机管理学、农业推广学、社会学、经济学等多学科视角下,综合运用公共危机管理理论、风险理论、脆弱性分析、动物卫生经济学理论以及系统管理理论对动物疫情公共危机政府防控能力建设进行理论分析的基础上,依据《规划》提出的四个能力建设的基本保障,提出我国动物疫情公共危机政府防控能力建设的四大基础要素：法制规范、组织体制、科技支撑和条件保障。分章对此四大基本要素在我国建设的基本概况、存在的基本问题、问题引发的原因、国外的基本经验及做法以及可能的改进方向和做法进行了综合分析,旨在提升我国政府提高动物疫情公共危机防控能力。本文通过理论分析、文献探讨和实证昀方法对动物疫情防控能力建设的一系列问题进行了具体分析,得出了一系列重要的观点与结论。首先,改变观念,建立系统化的动物疫情防控法律体系。其中需要改变观念,从动物卫生安全的高度看待动物疫情公共危机防控立法；健全动物防疫组织立法,防止动物疫情防控立法碎片化；树立动物疫情风险意识,健全动物卫生风险评估机制。其次,突破限制,建立开放型的动物疫情防控体制框架。需要从专业性出发设立常规性指挥机构；以任务为中心建立复合式组织结构；以政府为中心的多元主体参与共治。再次,创新科技,构建有机性的动物疫情防控科技支撑。需要做到接轨国际标准,加强科技支撑基础条件建设；抓住核心技术,做好科技支撑沟通平台建设；注重社会需求,完善科技支撑能力评价机制；重视技术应用,科学研究与防控实践相结合。最后重视投入,建立稳定性的动物疫情防控条件保障。需要在条件保障上重心前移,加大和稳定动物疫病防控财政支持；建立多元化的动物疫病防控资金分摊机制；对动物疫病防控重点领域进行合理分派；合理安排重大动物疫情应急资金和物资储备。本文借鉴相关研究成果及通过案例的实地调查和大量的统计数据来进行我国动物疫情公共危机政府防控能力建设研究,可能在两方面具有创新：一是基本研究思路的创新性。文章突破单纯的从畜牧兽医学的角度来探讨动物疫情防控问题,而是从人类社会公共管理的角度来考察人类社会的管理行为如何削弱或消减动物疫情公共危机的发生的风险。二是计量研究方法具有创新性。本项目采用回归分析对现阶段我国动物疫情防控的基本情况进行实证分析,找出目前影响防控能力的关键性要素,对我国短期内的防控政策的制定有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China’s reform and opening up, China’s animal husbandry has been an unprecedented development, has become the largest number of national livestock breeding world, animal husbandry has become an important component of China’s national economy. But at present our country animal epidemic prevention and control situation is still grim and complicated. Animal disease prevention and control work relations national food safety and public health security, related to social harmony and stability, is the important responsibility of the government social management and public service, is the important content of agriculture rural work. On May 2,2012,<the national animal disease prevention and control for the medium and long term planning> (2012-2020) "(hereinafter referred to as the" planning ") promulgated by the state council executive meeting。Since the founding of new China, this is the first time to guide the national animal disease prevention and control work of comprehensive planning, is an important milestone in the history of the development of animal disease prevention and control in our country, marked the animal disease prevention and control work has entered a new stage planning guide, scientific prevention and control.In this background, this paper from the perspective of government management, according to the basic idea of "planning", the basic elements affect the ability of the animal epidemic prevention and control of the government in our country, for our country to formulate reasonable prevention and control policy, the innovation organization system construction, prevention and control of excitation control technology popularization and mobilize social prevention and control of resources integration has a very strong urgency and reality.This is based on the public management, crisis management, agricultural extension, sociology, economics and other multi-disciplinary perspective, integrated use of public crisis management theory, risk theory, vulnerability analysis, animal health economics theory and system of animal epidemic prevention and control of the government public crisis management theory ability construction on the basis of theoretical analysis, based on "plan" put forward four basic safeguard ability construction, put forward the our country animal epidemic prevention and control of the government public crisis ability construction of the four basic elements:the legal norms, organization system, technology support and guarantee conditions.Chapter points to the four basic elements in China’s basic situation, the existence of the construction of the basic problems and the cause of the problems, the basic experience and practice abroad, and analyzes the possible improvement direction and practice, to promote our country the government improve the ability of the animal epidemic situation of public crisis prevention and control.In this paper, through theoretical and empirical method gives a detailed analysis about these problems, a series of important viewpoints and conclusions. First, change the idea, establishing systematic animal epidemic prevention and control of the legal system.Which need to change the idea, from the perspective of animal health security analysis the animal epidemic public crisis prevention and control legislation;Improve the organization legislation for animal epidemic prevention, to prevent the animal epidemic prevention and control legislation fragmentation;Set up the animal epidemic risk awareness, and improve the mechanism of animal health risk assessment.Secondly, break through the limit, establish an open framework of animal epidemic prevention and control system.Starting from the professional set up a regular command;Centered on the task to establish complex organizational structure;The government as the center of multiple subject to participate in the work.Third, the innovation of science and technology, build organic animal epidemic prevention and control technology support.Advance with international standards, to strengthen the construction of science and technology support basic conditions;Seize the core technology, support the communication of science and technology platform construction;Pay attention to the needs of society, improve the supporting ability of science and technology evaluation mechanism;Attaches great importance to the technology, combining scientific research and prevention and control practice.Finally, pay attention to investment, the establishment of animal epidemic prevention and control conditions safeguard stability. The conditions required to protect the center of gravity forward, increase and stabilize the financial support to animal epidemic prevention and control; establish a diversified funding animal disease prevention and control sharing mechanism; reasonable dispatch on animal disease prevention and control in key areas; reasonable arrangements for major animal disease emergency funds and material reserves.Related research results, this paper, and through the case of field investigation and a lot of statistical data for animal epidemic prevention and control of the government public crisis ability construction research in China, has the innovation in two aspects:one is the basic research idea of innovation.This article breakthrough purely from the perspective of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine to explore the problem of animal epidemic prevention and control, but from the perspective of human society and public management to take an examination of the management behavior of human society how to weak or reduce animal disease the risk of the occurrence of public crisis.The second is innovative qualitative research method.This project adopts the regression analysis of the present stage our country the basic condition of the animal epidemic prevention and control of the empirical analysis, find out the influence of key factors of the ability to control, for the prevention and control of the short-term policy making in China has a certain reference value.更多还原