【作者】 李卓；

【导师】 陈建伟； 栾晓峰；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 自然保护区学， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 当今,人类对植物资源的需求随着科学技术水平不断进步以及全球人口数量的持续增加而不断增长。由于我国植物资源种类的多样性以及地理分布的复杂性,加之保护力度的不足,部分植物资源已面临濒危处境,目前急需确定濒危植物分布的关键地区,找出保护空缺,优化网络布局,并提出有效的保护措施。为此,本研究主要依据《中国物种红色名录》,共选取了极危、濒危和易危植物166科3773种,利用地理信息系统(ArcGIS)空间分析技术和系统保护规划(SCP)软件(C-plan),以我国2378个行政县为基本规划单元,计算了各规划单元濒危植物保护的不可替代性值(Irrelaceability),筛选出高保护价值区,结合现有保护区分布情况找出了保护空缺,提出了三种保护网络优化方案。同时计算了保护贡献值(Ti)和保护效率值(C),对现有和优化后的保护区网络保护贡献率进行比较和评估。主要研究结论如下：(1)濒危植物在不同区域数量分布不等,山区高于平原,西南地区高于东北地区。本研究将我国陆地区域分为八个大区：西部喜马拉雅山脉区、西南横断山脉区、南部海南岛地区、东南武夷山脉—台湾山脉区、中部昆仑山脉—秦岭地区,东北大小兴安岭—长白山脉地区、西北天山山脉—阿尔泰山地区和北部祁连山—贺兰山脉地区。研究表明,西南地区濒危植物数量最多,北部地区数量最低。(2)濒危植物高保护价值覆盖区域由西南向东北递减。其中保护价值高(Sum Ir≥18.88)和较高(4.6≤Sum Ir<18.88)区域主要分布在西南和南部地区,共有规划单元86个,总面积433701.09kmm2,占研究区域总面积4.57%,而西北、北部地区等保护价值偏低。不可替代性值显示,全国濒危植物种类较多的兰科(Orchidaceae)、杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、槭树科(Aceraceae)、松科(Pinaceae)主要分布在我国西南部,以云南省分布最为丰富。高保护价值(0.8≤Ir≤1.00)和较高保护价值(0.60≤Ir<0.80)区域分别有规划单元142个、57个、208个、264个、197个、72个、330个和340个。(3)濒危植物保护空缺主要分布在西南地区。其中,一级保护空缺(Sum Ir≥3.00)共有46个规划单元,总面积为219819.63 km2,主要分布在云南省贡山独龙族怒族自治县和西藏自治区错那县等地区；二级保护空缺(0.45≤Sum Ir<3.00)共有139个规划单元,总面积523159.36km2,主要分布在云南省云县和四川省马尔康县等地区。(4)濒危植物保护网络优化后保护效率显著提高。如将保护空缺中濒危种子植物纳入保护区,将有3648种保护对象达到保护目标,占保护对象总数96.69%,保护效率增至95%左右。(5)提出三类濒危植物保护网络优化方案。结合人类活动干扰指数与不可替代性值,本研究提出了三种保护网络优化情景方案；保护价值优先空缺保护方案,该区域主要分布在我国西部、西南部、南部、东南部和东北部等地区,共有173个规划单元,总面积699506.7km2,占研究区域总面积7.36%；抢救优先空缺保护方案,该区域主要分布在我国西南、南部和东南部等地区,共有73个规划单元,总面积186196.6 km2,占研究区域总面积的1.95%；经济避让优先空缺保护方案,该区域主要分布在我国西北部和西南部地区,共有规划单元98个,总面积513310.2 km2,占研究区域总面积5.40%。最后,根据上述研究结果提出对濒危植物的就地、迁地等一系列保护措施,以期为我国濒危植物的保护提供理论基础和科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, with the development of science and technology as well as the continued increase of the global population, the demand of plant resources is increasing. However, for the diversity of plant resources of China and the complexity of geographical distribution as well as insufficient protection, part of plant resources are in danger situation. Currently, it is urgent to determine the key areas of the endangered plant distribution, to find out the protection gaps, optimize the distribution network, and put forward the effective protection measures. Therefore, based on endangerment category of "critically endangered (CR)", "endangered (EN)" and "Vulnerable (VU)" from the China Species Red list "(Wang et al,2004), this study chosed 3773 species of endangered plants including 166 families as study object. Using Spatial analysis technology of geographic information system (ArcGIS) and Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) software (C-plan), the irreplaceability value (Ir) of every planning unit (2378 administrative counties)was calculated. The study filtered the area with high protection value, combined the distribution of existing nature reserves to find out the protection gaps and put forward three kinds of optimization schemes of conservation network. Meanwhile, this study calculated the contribution value (Ti) and the conservation efficiency value (C) to assess and compare with the existing nature reserve network and the network after Optimized.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The quantity of endangered plants is vary distributed in different regions, mountainous area is higher than plains and the southwest area is higher than the northeast area. In this study, the land area of our country was divided into eight major areas:Western Himalayan Mountains, Southwestern Hengduan Mountains, Southern Hainan island, Southeastern Wuyi-Taiwan Mountains, Central Kunlun-Qinling Mountains, Northeast Big and Small Xing’an-Changbai Mountains, Northwestern Altai-Tianshan Mountains, and Northern Qilian-Helan Mountains. The study proved that, the quantity of plants in Southwestern area is the most, which of the northern area is the least.(2) The distribution range of high protection value is descending from the southwest to the Northeast. The area of high value (Sum Ir> 18.88) and relatively high (4.6< Sum Ir<18.88) mainly distributes in southwest and south, including 86 planning units and covers a total area of 433701.09 km2 (4.57% of the study area) while the northwest and northern areas have a relatively low protection value.The results of the irreplaceability analysis indicated that plants of eight wild distribution families of China, including:Orchidaceae, Ericaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Leguminosae, Aceraceae and Pinaceae are mainly distributed in southwestern China, and Yunnan Province is the most abundant place. The planning units of these eight families with high protection value (0.8≤Ir<1.00) and relatively high protection value (0.60≤Ir<0.80) are respectively 142,57,208,264,197,72,330 and 340.(3) The conservation gaps of plants are mainly distributed in southwestern area. Among them, the first level conservation gap (Sum Ir≥3.00) has 46 planning units, with a total area of 219819.63 km2, mainly distributed in the areas such as Dulong and Nu Autonomous County of Yunnan province and Cuona County of Tibet Autonomous Region. Secondary protection gap (0.45≤Sum Ir<3.00) has 139 planning units, with a total area of 523159.36 km2,mainly distributed in the areas such as Yun County of Yunnan Province and Barkam County of Sichuan Province.(4) Protection efficiency of endangered plants was improved significantly after optimizing the protection network. If the endangered plants of protection gaps are brought into nature reserves,3648 species would achieve the protection goal, which accounting for 96.69% of the protection targets and the protection efficiency would increase to about 95%.(5) Three kinds of protection optimization schemes of endangered plants were proposed. Combined with the human disturbance index and irreplaceability index, this study proposed three kinds of protection optimization schemes:Conservation scheme of conservation value priority:mainly distributed in west, southwest, south, southeast and northeast of China, including 173 planning units, with a total area of 699506.7km2, accounting for 7.36% of the study area. Conservation scheme of rescue priority:mainly distributed in southwest, south and southeast of China, including 73 planning units, with a total area of 186196.6km2, accounting for 1.95% of the study area. Protection scheme of economic avoidance priority:mainly distributed in northwest and southwest of China, including 98 planning units, with a total area of 513310.2km2, accounting for 5.4% of the study area.Finally, according to the above research results, this study put forward a series of protective measures of in situ and ex situ conservation, the aim is to provide theoretical and scientific basis for the protection of endangered plants in China.更多还原