【作者】 徐玉梅；

【导师】 王建明； 赵增旗；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 本研究利用形态学和rDNA分子特征相结合的方法,对山西省不同地域采集的930份土样中的长针线虫和三孔线虫的种类进行了分类鉴定,并通过核糖体大亚基(LSU)和小亚基分子(SSU)的D2/D3 rDNA对其进行系统发育研究。从所采集的样本中共鉴定出出5属12种线虫,其中4个新种、4个中国新记录种、2个山西新记录种和1个雄虫新报道,并构建了5个属的系统发育树；同时对山西汾阳疑似赤枯病的白皮松根际线虫多态性进行了分析,并对长针线虫种群数量与发病程度之间的相关性进行了探讨。主要研究结果如下：1、鉴定并描述了长针属的1个新种Longidorus viburnum sp. nov.。新种的模式生境为山西晋城荚蒾根围。该新种的主要特征：雌虫中等长度L=4.85mm,齿尖针103 gm,唇区宽22 μm,唇区扁平,无缢缩,侧器囊长漏斗状,导环位于齿尖针较后,距离体前端59μm,尾部钝圆锥形。雄虫交合刺显著,长73～89μm,近肛门区前端有附器8-9个。据Chen等(1997)多歧检索表其代码为A4-B4-C5-D3-E4-F2-G1-H1-I2。2、鉴定并描述了3个长针属线虫,分别为伯纳德长针线虫Longidorus bernardi Robbins & Brown 1996、雪松长针线虫Longidorus cedari (Khan, Saha & Seshadri 1978) Decraemer & Coomans 2007和琼斯长针线虫Longidorus jonesi Siddqi 1962,其中前2种均为中国新记录种,并首次报道了Longidorus jonesi的雄虫特征。3、鉴定并描述了剑属线虫2个山西新记录种,分别为短颈剑线虫Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa 1961和标明剑线虫Xiphinema insigne Loos 1949。并描述了短颈剑线虫的3个龄期幼虫的形态特征。4、鉴定并描述了Tripylina属的1个新种蒲县小三孔线虫Tripylina puxianensis sp. nov.和1个山西省新记录种浙江小三孔线虫Tripylina zhejiangensis Pham, Wang, Zhao & Zheng 2013。蒲县小三孔线虫主要特征：虫体粗壮,6根长刚毛和4根短刚毛在同一圈上,背牙位于亚腹牙前端,三角形,指向腹侧。亚腹牙2颗,形状和大小类似于背牙。在颈部有1根亚腹中刚毛,单生殖腺无后阴子宫囊,尾部有1对亚背尾刚毛。5、鉴定并描述了Trischistoma属的1个新种Trischistoma taiguensis sp. nov和1个中国新记录种Trischistoma pellucidum Cobb 1913。Trischistoma taiguensis sp. nov主要特征：虫体细小,6根长刚毛和4根短刚毛在不同圈上,食道和肠连接处的贲门不明显,单生殖腺,无后阴子宫囊,尾部有1对亚背尾刚毛。6、鉴定并描述了Tripyla属的1个新种五台三孔线虫Tripyla wutai sp. nov和1个已报道种Tripyla setifera Biitschli 1873.五台三孔线虫主要特征：体较长L=1447～1644μm,外唇刚毛和颈刚毛在不同圈上,外唇刚毛向外伸直,不及唇区,楔形背牙位于亚腹牙之后,食道和肠连接处的贲门明显,双生殖腺,阴门较靠前V=47～56%,尾部最宽的部位在肛门处,尾尖较短2～4 μm。Tripyla setifera虽然在中国已有报道,但并没有对该种群的详细描述,本文详细描述了中国种群的形态特征。7、本研究用SSU和LSU的D2/D3序列分析了上述5个属的系统亲缘关系。并根据形态学特征编制了我国的长针科和三孔科线虫的分类检索表。8、对山西汾阳疑似赤枯病的白皮松根围的线虫多样性进行了研究,发现长针线虫主要集中在根际20～40 cm处,罹病程度严重的白皮松根际周围的长针线虫数量较多,其在罹病白皮松根际周围的分布数量与发病程度存在一定的相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The morphology and rDNA molecular characterazition for Longidorids and Tripylids in Shanxi province were studied in the paper. The results showed that 12 species nematodes in five genera were identified, which including four new species, four new records in China, two new records in Shanxi province and a male report. And the phylogenetic relationships among five genera were analyzed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2/D3 segments of LSU of the ribosomal rRNA genes.In addition, the nematodes biodiversity around the roots of diseased Pinus bungeana Zucc in Fenyang city was analysed and the relationship between Longidorids population quantity and disease degree were discussed in the paper. The results are as following:1. Longidorus viburnum sp. nov. was collected from the soil around the roots of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb at Jincheng city, Shanxi province, China. The new species is characterized by having a median body length (L=4.85 mm), odontostyle length 103μm, lip region width 22μm, lip region flattened and continuous, amphid pouch elongate, funnel-shaped, not lobed, guide ring at the posterior of ondotostyle and 59 μm from anterior end of body, tail bluntly conoid, males with conspicuous spicule and 8 or 9 supplements near the anus. The code for identifying the new speics using the polytomous key of Chen et al (1997) is:A4-B4-C5-D3-E4-F2-G1-H1-I2.2. Three known species of the genus of Longidours Micoletzky 1922 are re-described in the paper. Longidorus bernardi Robbins & Brown 1996 and Longidorus cedari (Khan, Saha & Seshadri 1978) Decraemer & Coomans 2007 are two records in China. And the male of Longidorus jonesi Siddqi 1962 is reported firstly in the paper.3. The paper describes two known species, a new record in Shanxi province Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa 1961 and Xiphinema insigne Loos 1949 in the genus Xiphinema Cobb 1913. Morphometrics of first, second and third juvenile stages of Xiphinema brevicolle are presented in the paper.4. The paper describes a new species and gives a new record in Shanxi province of Tripylina Brzeski 1963. Tripylina puxianensis sp. nov. is characterized by having a robust body, six long and four short cephalic setae in a single whorl, dorsal tooth conspicuous, triangular, pointing towards to ventral side, two subventral teeth similar to dorsal tooth, triangular, pointing towards to dorsal side, one ventromedian seta in cervical region, female genital system mono-prodelphic with no post-vulval sac and a pair of subdorsal caudal setae on anterior part of tail. For the first time, Tripylina zhejiangensis Pham, Wang, Zhao & Zheng 2013 is described in Shanxi province, China.5. The paper discribes a new speices and gives a new record and a re-descripiton of a known species of Trischistoma Cobb 1913. Trischistoma taiguensis sp. nov. is characterized by having a slender body, six longer outer labial setae and four shorter cephalic setae separated in two circles, cardia between pharynx and intestine inconspicuous, gonad prodelphic and post-vulval uterine sac absent and a pair of caudal setae on the tail. For the first time, Trischistoma pellucidum Cobb 1913 is recorded from Shanxi Province, China.6. This paper describes a new species and a known species of the genus Tripyla Bastian 1865 from Shanxi province, China. Tripyla wutai sp. nov. is characterized by having a long body length (L= 1447-1644 μm), six outer labial sensillae and four short cephalic setae arranged in two separate whorls, outer labial sensillae outward directed, not reaching beyond lips, a wedged dorsal tooth posterior to subventral teeth, cardia between pharynx and intestine conspicuous, female reproductive system didelphic, relatively anterior vulva (V=47-56%), widest part of the tail at the anus and short spinneret (2-4 μm). Tripyla setifera had been reported from China but without a detailed description which is provided in the paper.7. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships among five genera were analyzed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2/D3 segments of LSU of the ribosomal rRNA genes. And diagnostic keys for identification of Longidorids and Tripylids occurred in China are given in the paper.8. The nematodes biodiversity around the roots of diseased Pinus bungeana Zucc in Fenyang city was analysed, and the results showed that the needle nematode often occurred in the 20～40 cm deep of the roots, and it has more quantity needle nematode around the more severe diseased tree roots. So it has some relationship between the quantity of needle nematodes around the roots of Pinus bungeana Zucc and the disease degree.更多还原