【作者】 许民强；

【导师】 王秀芬；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 海事安全不仅构成国家安全的重要组成部分,而且也成为全球公共安全治理的重点领域之一。近百年来,国际社会经过不懈努力和追求,构建了较为完善的国际海事安全法律规范体系,形成了以SOLAS公约、MARPOL公约、STCW公约等为“龙头”的并行的分公约体系和极地国际海事规则,各国也基于船旗国、沿岸国、港口国的管辖权制订和实施了保障本国海事安全的法律制度。但现实情况表明,减少或消除海事安全面临的风险仍是一项长期的迫切任务。频繁发生的海事安全事件或事故,固然有其国际政治、经济、文化等原因,但与国际海事安全法律制度不完善以及不严格遵守或执行国际海事安全法律制度紧密相关。故此,文章分为三大部分。第一部分在界定“海事”、“海事安全”、“国际海事安全”等概念基础上,梳理与海事安全相关的国际习惯(法)、国际条约和发达国家(联盟)国内法,探讨海事安全国际习惯(法)的现代意蕴、国际海事安全条约体系的构成内容以及发达国家(联盟)海事安全法律制度的关注重点。第二部分分析国际海事安全法律制度存在的不足,将其归结为五个方面,即创制主体“三轨并存”、法律适用存在冲突、过于倚重“高标准一低事故”技术性逻辑、专门性国际海事规则仍存不足和监管者缺少被监管机制,并提出如下完善建议：规制对象应集中在对船舶及其航行的管控能力、规制内容应着眼于“人的因素”、注重国际海事安全法律规范的彼此衔接和推进各国海事安全法律制度的统一。第三部分将研究视角回归我国,总结我国海事安全法律制度的现状与不足,分析我国海事安全面临的风险及我国对海事安全法律制度的时代诉求,提出完善我国海事安全法律制度的建议,即借鉴国际社会的相关做法、明确海事安全命规则的制定主体、合并与整合海事安全规章、完善海事安全法律制度快速修改机制和填补现行海事安全法律制度的迫切性缺口。更多还原

【Abstract】 Maritime security has always been the most important part of the whole national security, as well as the key areas of public security management all around the world. Over the past century, with the unremitting efforts and pursuit from the international community, we have built an efficient legal system of the Norms of International Maritime Security Law, and formed a perfectly paralleled system which consists of the SOLAS Convention, MARPOL Convention and the STCW Convention as the leading parts of the conventions. Countries based on the flag states, coastal states as well as the port states have formulated and accomplished the security to the domestic legal system of maritime security. While according to the reality, the reduction or elimination of the maritime security incidents or accidents is unsatisfied even today.Frequent accidents of maritime security indeed conclude the international political, economic, cultural and other reasons, but the main factor I believe, is closely related to the results that the international maritime security legal system is not perfectly or not strictly observed or performed by supervisors from domestic countries.This essay is divided into three parts.Based on the definition of the "maritime" and "maritime security" and "international maritime security", the first part of the essay clears up the relevant rules of the customary international law, international treaty law and the domestic law norms, discusses the modern significance of the the international maritime safety customs and the composition of the contents of the international maritime security treaty system and the focus of maritime security legal system of the developed countries (Alliance)The second part of the essay analyzes the shortcomings of the the international maritime security laws, be attributed to five aspects, that is "three track co-existence" of the main body, the conflict in the application of law, relying too heavily on the "high standards and low accident" technical logic, inadequacy of the specialized international maritime rules and lack of regulators supervision mechanism, and put forward the following suggestions:the object of regulation should be focused on the ship and navigation control capacity, regulation content should focus on "human factors", pay attention to international maritime security legal norms to each other and promote national maritime security legal system unification.Last, this essay summarizes the present situation of our legal system of maritime security and its deficiencies, explores the times demand in Chinese legal system of maritime security, and combines it with the development trend of the international maritime law system, puts forward the suggestion which could perfect our nation’s legal system of maritime security. There are some specific measures such as clearing the authorized agent in maritime security system, putting the authorized subject independent into practice and merging the whole maritime safety regulations into one part. Besides, establishing and implementing the maritime security legislation and administrative mechanism of rapid change model and perfecting the current legal system of maritime security gaps are also problems which are urgent to be solved.更多还原