【作者】 谷艳玲；

【导师】 陈长征；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 当今雾霾严重,雾霾的治理已经成为社会发展中的一个重要问题。空气中的灰尘、硫酸、有机碳氢化合物等粒子使大气混浊,当能见度低于10000米时,这种非水成物组成的气溶胶系统造成的视程障碍称为霾。工业烟尘是霾形成的重要原因,尤其是玻璃炉窑这样的工业窑炉产生的高温烟气。对烟尘的减排和污染控制是当今学术研究的热点。霾中对人体健康危害最大的是粒径小于10微米的飘尘。袋式除尘器适于捕集细小粉尘,除尘效率一般在99%以上,是应用最广的除尘设备。对高温烟气袋式除尘系统温度、阻力、清灰的控制研究,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。拟对玻璃炉窑高温烟气予以治理,评述了相关文献资料,明确了高温烟气除尘现状,指出了袋式除尘系统存在的问题;详细分析了袋式除尘器工作过程、除尘机理以及袋式除尘器的控制系统;论证了袋式除尘器是一个非线性、时变,存在变量耦合的控制对象。通过盲分离和神经网络提取温度特征、预测温度趋势。针对高温烟气袋式除尘器的温度控制系统存在的问题,提出一种基于自适应模糊因子变权重算法的袋式除尘器温度控制系统,并对其性能进行了分析。对袋式除尘器的三维温度模糊控制器进行降维简化,改进隶属度函数,增加变权重自适应环节,提高系统性能。通过数值仿真,表明该方法收敛速度快,鲁棒性强,验证了设计方法的有效性。实际应用证明了袋式除尘器的温度控制系统的稳定性。对气箱脉冲袋式除尘器喷吹气流的数值模拟方法和应用进行了研究。采用CFD数值模拟方法研究气箱脉冲袋式除尘器内部气流流动规律,模拟计算除尘器气箱内部和滤袋内部气流分布状况,分析箱体内滤袋各截面的气流压力分布。脉冲喷吹气流在气箱内的压力分布模拟结果与实际分布规律相吻合,并对压力分布的不均匀性提出气箱结构改进方案。模拟不同喷吹压力下气箱脉冲喷吹气流在滤袋内部的压力分布,分析其对喷吹清灰效果和滤袋寿命的影响。将数值模拟结果应用到实际工程设计中,并通过现场测试进行检验,验证了数值计算的准确性。分析了除尘器阻力和清灰之间的关系,对传统清灰机制存在的问题进行分析,根据实际应用中发现的问题提出一种新的清灰控制策略:时间、压差、窑压联合控制清灰控制策略。根据各因素对清灰影响的不同,简化清灰控制器结构,建立清灰判定控制器和清灰模糊控制器。实际应用表明,该控制方法清灰及时有效,除尘器压力稳定,具有很好的实用价值。对某玻璃厂高温烟气进行测试分析,根据工况的复杂性,对袋式除尘器温度控制和清灰控制采用模糊控制方法进行了设计与实现。袋式除尘器温度在温度自适应模糊控制下集中在最佳温度范围,波动幅度小。袋式除尘器清灰采用新的清灰控制策略和模拟分析得到的新数据,在模糊控制下清灰及时有效,除尘器运行阻力平稳。结果表明新方法控制效果良好,除尘效率高,工况稳定,滤袋寿命延长,节能效果明显,对推动高温烟气袋式除尘的理论与技术进步具有重大意义及应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In these latter days, because of the serious haze, haze governance has become an important social development issues. Airborne dust, sulfuric acid, organic hydrocarbons and other particles in the atmosphere vitiate the air. When the visibility is less than 10,000 meters, obstruction to vision caused by nonaqueous aerosol system is called haze. Industrial dust, especially high-temperature flue gas from industrial kiln of glass furnace, is the main reason for the haze. Emission reduction and pollution control of smoke is a hotspot. In all the types of dust of the haze, the dust whose size is less than 10 micron is the most harmful to human health. Bag filter is suitable for trapping fine dust. Its dust removal efficiency can reach 99% and it is the most widely used dust removal equipment. Research on temperature, resistance and the ash cleaning of bag filter has important theoretical significance and practical value.A feasible scheme for glass furnace high temperature flue gas treatment is put forward in this paper. The relevant literature is reviewed. This paper makes clear the situation of high temperature flue gas treatment. The problems of bag dedust system are pointed out. The working process, dust removal mechanism and control system of the bag filter are analyzed in detail. In this paper, we prove that bag filter is a control object with time-varying, nonlinear, multivariable coupling.The temperature characteristic is extracted by the blind source separation. The temperature trend is forecasted by the neural network. For the problem of temperature control system of bag filter for high temperature flue gas, a kind of variable weight algorithm based on the fuzzy adaptive factor is put forward and its performance is analyzed. Three dimensional temperature fuzzy controller of bag filter is simplified and reduced the dimension. Membership function is improved. The variable weight adaptive link is added and the system performance is improved. The numerical simulation shows that the method has fast convergence speed and strong robustness. The effectiveness of the design method is illustrated. The stability of the temperature control system of bag filter is proven in the practical application.Airflow distribution and numerical simulation of air flow spraying of bag filter is studied. The rule of gas flow stream in the filter air box is studied by the method of CFD numerical simulation. The airflow distribution both in bag filter air box and filter, air pressure distribution in arbitrary cross section of each filtering unit in the box are simulated. Simulation calculation of pulse injection pressure distribution in air box is consistent with actual distribution. Air box structure improvement scheme is put forward, for the non-uniformity of pressure distribution. Pressure distribution of airflow inside the bag under different injection pressure is simulated, and analysis its influence of dedust effection and bag life.The numerical simulation results applied to the practical engineering design. The accuracy of numerical calculation is verified by field test.Analysis of the relationship between the resistance and dust cleaning system is made in this paper. The problems that exist in the traditional cleaning mechanism are analyzed. A new kind of dust control method(time, pressure and furnace pressure control of the cleaning mechanism jointly) is put forward according to the practical problems. According to the various factors on the cleaning effect, the structure of cleaning controller is simplified, and the cleaning determination controller and cleaning fuzzy controller are designed. The practical application shows that the cleaning control method is timely and effective. The dust collector pressure is stable. The cleaning control method has good practical value.The glass factory’s high temperature flue gas is tested and analyzed. According to the complexity of working condition, the temperature controller and the ash cleaning controller of the bag filter are designed and implemented by using fuzzy control method. The temperature of the bag filter controlled under the adaptive fuzzy control is in the optimum temperature range and the fluctuation range of the temperature is small. The bag filter cleans dust timely and effective and runs smoothly under the fuzzy control.Results show that the new method has good effect on control and high efficiency on the dust cleaning. The bag filter with new control method has stable operation. The life of the filter is increased. The energy conservation effect is obvious. This study is of great significance and application value for promoting the theory and technology of bag dedust system for high temperature flue gas.更多还原