【作者】 何玲；

【导师】 韩广富；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 扶贫开发是中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分。改革开放以来,中国政府有组织、有计划的实施了大规模扶贫开发工作,取得显著成效。中国农村贫困人口大幅减少,贫困地区生产和生活条件明显改善,农村居民温饱问题基本解决。扶贫开发不仅促进了中国特色社会主义和谐社会建设,也推动了全世界减贫进程。中国扶贫开发主要依靠自身力量,同时注重吸收国际社会优秀的减贫经验,并使之本土化。20世纪90年代,国际机构开始大规模援助中国扶贫开发。中国政府先后与世界银行、亚洲开发银行、联合国开发计划署和德国技术合作公司等国际机构开展了卓有成效的减贫项目合作。外资扶贫机构把国际社会先进的减贫经验、理念和方法应用到中国反贫困实践中,对中国扶贫开发工作产生了积极影响,提升了扶贫开发水平和效益。同时,中国政府反贫困的成功经验和模式也得到了国际社会的广泛赞同和认可,为国际反贫困事业作出重要贡献。近年来,随着中国社会经济的发展和国际社会对外援助战略的调整,中国政府与国际社会开展扶贫合作面临新的机遇和挑战。本文梳理了国内外关于中国扶贫开发的研究成果,运用系统分析、比较分析、文献综述和跨学科研究等方法,从马克思主义中国化理论视角对中国扶贫开发中的国际合作问题进行分析和探讨。论文主要包括六个章节。第一章,绪论。共分五个部分:论文选题依据和研究意义、研究现状和发展趋势、研究思路和研究方法以及框架结构与创新之处等。第二章,中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的理论基础。本章研究和梳理了马克思恩格斯的反贫困理论;中国共产党领导人的反贫困理论;国际组织的反贫困理论。并对这些理论的指导意义和当代价值进行了分析。这些研究奠定了本文的理论基础。第三章,中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的必然性。中国政府与国际社会开展扶贫合作是中国农村扶贫实践发展提出的要求,也缘于国际社会对发展中国家贫困问题的关注。笔者从必要性和可行性角度进行分析,围绕国内和国外两个层面论述开展国际扶贫合作的依据。中国农村贫困地区和贫困人口的贫困状况决定了中国需要国际扶贫合作;国际社会具有先进的减贫理念,丰富的减贫经验和科学的减贫方法,这些也有益于中国扶贫开发实践。第四章,中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的内容。中国政府先后与世界银行、亚洲开发银行等国际金融组织,联合国开发计划署、世界粮食计划署等联合国机构,英国国际发展部、德国技术合作公司等国际双边机构及国际行动援助、全球基金等国际非政府组织开展了减贫合作。中国政府与这些国际机构合作的内容主要是在贫困地区实施综合性扶贫发开项目和技术援助扶贫开发项目;对扶贫开发领域中的重大问题开展研究;合作加强扶贫开发机构能力建设;共建减贫交流合作平台;合作举办减贫援外培训班;对发展中国家开展减贫援助项目等。第五章,中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的影响。国际社会援助中国扶贫开发缓解了中国扶贫财政投入不高、经验不足等问题。长期的反贫困实践使国际社会在减贫领域积累了先进的理念和丰富的经验。随着国际合作项目的开展,参与式、小额信贷、整村规划、监测评估和精确瞄准等理念和方法广泛应用于扶贫开发实践中,对中国扶贫开发政策、制度、模式和机制的建立与完善产生深远影响。同时,中国政府积极同国际社会共建减贫交流合作平台,积极开展对其他发展中国家的扶贫援助,提高了国际影响力。第六章,深化中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的对策。本章是全文的重点部分,也是结论部分。在前面几章分析的基础上,本章重点探讨如何进一步加强中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域的合作。进入21世纪以后,随着中国社会经济的发展和国际竞争力的提高,国际社会纷纷调整对华援助战略,总体上减少或停止对中国扶贫开的援助。这虽然增加了中国利用外资扶贫的难度,但是中国政府继续争取国际扶贫合作也存在一些机遇和有利因素。笔者认为中国政府应通过制定远期规划、推动制度创新、有效使用资金和完善能力建设等对策应对深化国际扶贫合作的困难和挑战。本文从马克思主义中国化理论视角研究中国扶贫开发的国际合作问题,在学术观点上的创新主要表现在三个方面:一是,概括总结了中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的内容。即合作开展综合性扶贫开发项目、合作开展技术援助扶贫开发项目、合作对扶贫开发重大问题开展研究、合作加强机构能力建设、共建减贫交流合作平台、合作举办减贫援外培训班以及对发展中国家开展减贫项目援助等七个方面。二是,分析了开展国际扶贫合作给中国带来的影响。本文认为开展国际扶贫合作对中国扶贫开发的效果、政策、制度、模式和机制等五个方面都产生了积极影响,有效推动了中国扶贫开发进程。三是,提出进一步深化国际扶贫合作的建议。本文认为,面对深化国际扶贫合作的挑战,中国政府应积极制定长远规划、创新制度、合理使用资金、加强贫困地区建设并提高政府服务能力,确保中国政府与国际社会在扶贫开发领域合作的进一步开展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Poverty alleviation and development is an important part of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese government has organized, and planned the implementation of a large-scale poverty alleviation and development work. Significant achievements have thus been made. China’s rural poverty population is drastically reduced. The production and living conditions are improved significantly in poverty-stricken areas. Rural residents’ basic food and clothing problem is solved. In general, China’s rural poverty alleviation and development not only promoted the construction of socialist harmonious society but also promoted poverty around the world.China’s rural poverty alleviation and development mainly rely on its own. At the same time, excellent international experience was also adopted and localized. In the 1990 s, international agencies began to assistant the poverty alleviation and development in China in a large scale. The Chinese government has effectively cooperated with the World Bank, the Asian development bank, the United Nations Development Program(UNDP) and the German Technical Corporation and other international institutions in poverty alleviation projects. Foreign poverty alleviation agencies have applied advanced experiences, ideas and methods to the practice of anti-poverty in China, which has positive effect on China’s rural poverty alleviation and development, policy, system and mode and improved the level of China’s poverty alleviation and development and benefits. Meanwhile, the successful experience and mode in China in this field have also been internationally widely approved and accepted, which has also made great contribution to the poverty alleviation in the whole world. In these years, our experience was also learnt by other countries. In recent years, with the development of China’s social economy and the adjustment of foreign aid strategy of the international communities, the Chinese government is facing new opportunities and challenges in poverty alleviation in using foreign capital to alleviate poverty.This paper has combed the research results of China’s rural poverty alleviation and development both home and abroad. Using the systematic analysis, comparative analysis, literature review and interdisciplinary research methods, the author analyzed and discussed the international cooperation issue in China’s rural poverty alleviation and development problems from the perspective of the sinicization of Marxism. The paper mainly includes six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction, which contains five parts. They are the basis of the topic choosing and the significance of the study, the research status and development trend, research idea and methods, and the structure frame and innovation of the paper.The second chapter is about the theoretical basis of the cooperation between Chinese government and the international communities in rural poverty alleviation and development. This chapter combs the anti-poverty theories of Marx and Engels; that of the leaders of the CPC; and that of the international organizations. The guiding significance and contemporary value of these theories are also analyzed, which laid the theoretical basis of this paper.The third chapter tells the inevitability of the cooperation between the Chinese government and international communities in the field of poverty alleviation and development. The cooperation is due to the request of the practical development of Chinese rural poverty alleviation and the international communities’ concern of the poverty issue in developing countries. The author analyzes it from the aspects of its necessity and feasibility and discusses the basis of international cooperation both home and abroad. Chinese rural poverty-stricken areas and the poverty conditions of the poverty population determined the necessity of the international cooperation. International communities have advanced poverty reduction concept, rich experience and scientific methods of poverty reduction, which will benefit the practice of China’s poverty alleviation and development.The fourth chapter is about the cooperation between the Chinese government and international communities in the field of poverty alleviation and development. The Chinese government has successively cooperated with the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and other international financial organizations, UNDP, the World Food Program(WFP) and other United Nations agencies, the UK’s Department for International Development, the German Technical Cooperation and other bilateral foreign government agencies and international action aid, the Global Fund and other international non-governmental organizations to carry out poverty reduction. The content of their cooperation is mainly focused on the following aspects: the implementation of comprehensive poverty alleviation programs in poverty-stricken areas and technical assistance poverty alleviation and development projects, the studies on the major issues in the field of poverty alleviation and development, the construction of the strengthen in this field, the establishment of a platform of poverty reduction exchanges and cooperation. The establishment of poverty reduction training class and the poverty alleviation programs carried out in developing countries, etc.The fifth chapter is about the positive effect of the cooperation between the Chinese government and the international communities in the field of poverty alleviation and development. The international communities’ aid in China has relieved the problem of poor investment and experience, etc. The long-term of anti-poverty practice has provided the international communities with advanced ideas and rich experience in this field. With the development of the international cooperation projects, the participatory, microcredit, the whole village planning, monitoring and evaluation, and precision targeting ideas and methods are widely used in China, which has profound impact on the establishment and perfection of China’s rural poverty alleviation and development policy, system, mode and mechanism. At the same time, the Chinese government built poverty reduction communication platform actively with the international communities, and actively carried out poverty relief aid to other developing countries, which has improved the international impact of China.The sixth chapter is about the countermeasures of further the cooperation between the Chinese government and international communities in poverty alleviation and development. This chapter is the conclusion of the paper and also the most important part. Based on the analysis of the above chapters, this chapter further discusses how to strengthen the cooperation. In the 21 st century, with the sustainable and rapid development of China’s economy and the improvement of China’s international competitiveness, the international communities have adjustment assistance strategy in China, which on the whole reduced or stopped the aid to China’s rural poverty alleviation drive. It increased the difficulty of the utilization of foreign capital for poverty alleviation in China, but the Chinese government still has some opportunities and favorable factors. The author considers that the Chinese government should cope with the difficulties and challenges in international cooperation by establishing long term plan, promoting system innovation, using the fund effectively and perfecting the construction of ability.The paper intends to study the issue of international cooperation in China’s poverty alleviation and development from the perspective of sinicization of Marxism, and expects to make some academic innovation in the following three aspects. Firstly, the author summarizes the content and methods of the cooperation in this field between the Chinese government and international communities in seven aspects, i.e., the cooperative implementation of comprehensive poverty alleviation programs, the cooperative implementation of technical assistance poverty alleviation and development projects, the studies on the major issues in the field of poverty alleviation and development, the construction of the strengthen of the constitutes in this field, the establishment of a platform of poverty reduction exchanges and cooperation, the cooperative establishment of poverty reduction training class and the poverty alleviation programs carried out in developing countries, etc. Secondly, the author analyzes the impact that the international cooperation in poverty alleviation has brought to China. The paper considers that the cooperation has affected China positively in the following five respects: the effect, the policy, the system, the mode and the mechanism of the poverty alleviation and development in China. Thirdly, the author puts forward the suggestion of further international cooperation. The paper holds the point that in face of the challenge of deepening the international poverty alleviation cooperation, the Chinese government should actively establish a long-term plan and an innovative system, use the fund reasonably, strengthen the construction of the poverty-stricken areas and improve the service ability of the government in order to ensure the further promotion of the international cooperation in poverty alleviation and development between the Chinese government and international communities.更多还原