【作者】 王琳；

【导师】 钟诗胜；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 机械结构是卫星平台的重要组成部分,其作用是支撑其他各分系统和有效载荷。结构板、中心承力筒、框类零件等都是组成卫星机械结构的典型构件。我国卫星制造企业的生产实际表明,典型构件的生产能力已经成了卫星制造企业提高快速响应能力的关键。随着卫星朝系列化和平台化方向的发展,典型构件在结构上也逐步呈现出相似性和系列化的特征。总结典型构件现行的制造工艺,基于制造特征分析归纳不同卫星中同类典型构件制造工艺的相似性,从中挖掘典型构件系列的典型工艺,并形成典型工艺库,据此实现典型构件制造工艺的快速配置,对于实现典型构件制造工艺的规范化,提高卫星制造企业的快速响应能力具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。这也是本文的主要研究内容和希望实现的研究目标。在大规模定制生产模式下,相对于产品族与配置技术在产品设计阶段中的巨大推动作用,工艺族的概念与配置技术在工艺设计中的应用还只处于起步阶段。对此,本文首先对工艺族的概念进行拓展,提出了广义工艺族的概念,明确广义工艺族的内涵,包括通用工艺特征、工艺知识和通用工艺结构三个方面,并基于工艺平台建立了广义工艺族的体系架构。为保证广义工艺族信息在各制造系统之间的传递和共享,建立了广义工艺族的UML模型,并采用XML对广义工艺族的信息模型进行表达。为了建立完善的卫星典型构件的广义工艺族,需要从卫星典型构件的历史工艺数据中对广义工艺族中的工艺知识与通用工艺结构进行挖掘。对此,首先根据卫星典型构件工艺设计中常用的典型工序序列和工艺决策规则可以表示为关联规则形式的特点,采用关联规则的经典挖掘算法Apriori算法对这两类两者进行挖掘。针对大规模数据量的情况下,Apriori算法挖掘效率低的问题,采用二进制粒子群优化算法对工艺数据进行预处理,获得关联规则的最小支持度与最小置信度,以提高挖掘效率。并以卫星结构板成型工艺中典型工序序列的挖掘和卫星管路焊装工艺中工艺决策规则的挖掘验证了算法的有效性。通过挖掘获得的典型工序序列和工艺决策规则为完善卫星典型构件的广义工艺族的工艺知识的完善奠定了基础。其次,针对工艺数据往往以非结构化的自然语言存储的问题,采用属性有向图对工艺进行描述,并基于工艺单元的二分图最优匹配和工艺路线的邻接矩阵研究了工艺的相似度计算方法。针对工艺聚类具有聚类数量未知的特点,基于近邻传播聚类算法,建立了典型工艺挖掘的半监督聚类算法,并以Silhouette指标和IGP指标作为聚类结果的评价指标。以卫星结构板面板机加的典型工艺聚类实例验证了算法的有效性。由于广义工艺族的通用工艺结构往往体现为工艺路线的形式,而通过聚类挖掘获得的典型工艺具有代表性,其工艺路线即可用于表示广义工艺族的通用工艺结构。针对卫星典型构件工艺设计效率低、工艺重用率低的问题,提出将配置技术应用于工艺设计过程中。针对工艺设计过程中出现多个中间变量与约束的情况,采用生成式约束满足问题进行工艺的配置,确定了模型变量与模型约束,基于广义工艺族建立了工艺配置的约束模型,并基于回溯搜索算法实现了工艺配置问题的求解。对卫星结构板面板的机加工艺进行配置,可获得多个工艺配置方案。针对最优方案的选取问题,提出了工艺配置方案评价的重用度指标和有效性指标,研究了各指标的计算方法,并建立了工艺配置方案的评价模型,实现了对工艺配置方案的权衡评价。最后,以北京卫星制造厂的卫星典型构件为应用验证对象,探讨了相关技术的实际应用。从卫星制造厂工艺设计部门的实际需求出发,开发了基于Siemens UG NX8.0和基于Web的卫星典型构件工艺配置系统工具,详细讨论了系统体系结构的搭建,介绍了相关信息模型及主要功能模块的设计,给出了系统运行实例,对系统的应用进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mechanical structure, as an important component of satellite platform, has the function of supporting other subsystems and payload. Satellite plate, c enter bearing cylinder, box parts and et al. are all the typical parts/components to compose the satellite mechanical structure. According to the actual production of satellite manufacturing factory in our country, the production ability has become the key factor of improving the rapid response ability of satellite manufacturing factory. With the serialization and platformization development of satellite, the typical parts/components also present the characteristics of similarity and serialization in structure gradually. The typical processes are discoveried and typical proce sses database are created by summarizing the existing manufacturing processes of typical parts/components and concluding the similarity of manufacturing processes for the same type of typical parts/components in different satellites. Based on the typical process database, the process of typical parts/components can be configured quickly. These have important theoretical significance and practical application value in realizing the standardization of typical parts/components process and improving the rapid response ability of satellite manufacturing factory. And also these are main research contents and desirable research goal of this thesis.In mass customization, product family and configuration technique play an important role in the product design phase, however, the definition of process family and the configuration technique used in process design phase have only in their infancy. Regard of this, the concept of process family is extended first, and then the concept of generalized process family concept is proposed. The connotation of generalized process family includes three aspects: general process feature, process knowledge and general process structure. The architecture of generalized process family is built based on process platform. In order to ensure the transmission and sharing of process family information between each system, the UML is adopted to build the process family and the XML is adopted to express the process family information model.In order to establish the perfect generalized process family for satellite typical parts/components, process knowledge and general process structure should be discoveried from the process data of satellite typical parts/components. Because the typical processes sequence and decision making rules of process which are always used in process design can be represented by association rules, the classical Apriori algorithm for association rule mining can be used to mine these two types of process knowledge. The Apriori algorithm is low efficiency when the data is hug e, in order to deal improve the efficiency of knowledge mining, binary particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to conduct the process data to get the min support and min confidence for association rule mining. The instances of mining typical processes sequence mining for forming process of satellite plate and decision making rules for pipe welding process of satellite verify the validity of the algorithm. The discoveried typical processes sequence and decision making rules laid a solid foundation for the perfection of process knowledge in generalized process family of satellite typical parts/components. Process data are always existed in the form of unstructured natural language which can be used directly. In this situation, attributed directed graph is used to represent the process. Based on the process attributed directed graph model, the calculation methods of similarity between processes are studied. For the process clustering has the character of unknown clustering number, a semi-supervised clustering algorithm based on t Affinity Propagation is studied to cluster the typical process. And Silhouette index and IGP index are adopted to evaluation the clustering results. At last, the typical machining processes for satellite plate panel are clustered. Because the general process structure are always expressed as process routes and the discoveried typical processes are representative, the route of typical process can be used as the general process structure.For the purpose of dealing with the problems of low efficiency of process planning and low reuse of process knowledge, configuration technique is used in process planning. For the intermediate variables or constraints may occur in process planning, the generative constraint satisfaction problem is adopted to solve the process configuration. The solving algorithm based on backtracking for process configuration is studied. Applying this method in machining process configuration for satellite plate panel, and several process configuration schemes can b e obtained. In order to gain the optimal process scheme, reuse index and validity index are proposed to evaluate the process configuration schemes. With these two indexes the tradeoff evaluation of process configuration schemes can be realized.Lastly, the satellite typical parts/components in Beijing satellite manufacturing factory are taken as instances to discuss the application of related technique. With the actual demand of process design department, the process configuration system for satellite typical parts/components is developed based on Siemens UG NX 8.0 and Web. The construction of the system architecture is discussed in detail, and the design of information and main functional modules are introduced. With the instances, the application of the system is analyzed.更多还原