【作者】 徐得潜；

【导师】 杨善林；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 抽水蓄能电站具有良好的技术经济特性,适宜担任电力系统调峰、调频、备用和调相等任务。目前我国抽水蓄能电站装机容量仅占全国发电总装机容量的1,7%,与发达国家相比,仍存在较大差距。对抽水蓄能电站电价制定方法和经济运行方式进行系统深入的研究,有助于降低系统运行成本,正确评估抽水蓄能电站效益,合理确定抽水蓄能电站发展规模、优化电源结构,提高抽水蓄能电站在电力市场中的竞争力,促进我国抽水蓄能电站的健康发展。本文在充分分析抽水蓄能电站电价制定方法和经济运行方式国内外研究现状的基础上,主要完成了以下研究工作：(1)深入剖析现行抽水蓄能电站电价制度及制定方法,并指出其存在的问题。运用会计成本法、边际成本法及目标规划方法,研究抽水蓄能电站上网电价、分时电价、分段电价、备用电价及无功电价制定方法。(2)对电网统一调度和独立经营情形下抽水蓄能电站经济运行方式进行研究。以等效替代法为基础,提出了抽水蓄能电站调频、旋转备用、提高可靠性及调相等动态效益计算方法。分析了电价制度对抽水蓄能电站基本效益和电网购电费用的影响。(3)构建抽水蓄能电站厂内经济运行模型,分析等微增率法存在的问题并作出改进。以天荒坪抽水蓄能电站和桐柏抽水蓄能电站为背景,进行实证分析。本文主要创新点：(1)基于资金和资产的时间价值,提出了抽水蓄能电站动态上网电价计算方法。(2)提出了基于负荷变动范围的峰谷时段划分逐步逼近法。在分时电价和分段电价计算中,考虑了后续段发电机组的增加对前续段机组运行成本的影响。综合考虑发电侧、供电侧和用电侧三方效益与负荷管理目标,应用目标规划建立了多目标分时电价优化设计模型。(3)提出了抽水蓄能电站在发电工况和抽水工况的备用成本计算方法。采用有、无功价值加权和抽水蓄能电站有、无功电量加权的方法分摊无功固定成本。基于二分法和维持简单再生产,并考虑资金时间价值和物价上涨率,推导出抽水蓄能电站无功电价计算公式。(4)基于等效替代法,提出了抽水蓄能电站调相效益计算方法。(5)应用目标规划建立了基于分时电价和分段电价的独立经营情形下多目标抽水蓄能电站经济运行模型,分析了电价制定方法对抽水蓄能电站基本效益和用户购电费用的影响。(6)综合考虑抽水蓄能电站抽水量、发电耗水及机组启停耗水,建立了抽水蓄能电站厂内经济运行模型,提出了等微增率法改进方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pumped-storage power station is appropriate for peak, frequency and phase modulations and spinning reserve in electrical power systems. Notwithstanding the promising characteristics of technological economics, the pumped-storage power stations merely account for 1.7% of the total installed capacity of power generation in China, which is considerably lower than those of developed countries. To cut down the operational costs and estimate benefits accurately, it is crucial to systematically investigate formulating methods of electricity tariff and modes of economical operations for pumped-storage power station, and accordingly determine its development scale and optimize power composition. With those efforts, it is helpful to improve competition and development of pumped-storage power station.By analyzing electricity tariff formulation and economical operation modes of pumped-storage power station, the main research works in this thesis included the following parts:(1) The present electricity tariff formulation of pumped-storage power station was studied, and the existing issues were figured out, too. Adopting accounting cost, marginal cost and objective programming, formulating methods of various electricity tariff were researched, including on-grid, time of use, block, reserve and reactive tariffs.(2) In the scenario of grid dispatching and independent management, the economical operation of pumped-storage power station was studied. Based on the equivalent substitution, calculation methods of dynamic benefit for frequency and phase modulation, spinning reserve and reliability improvement were proposed. The influences of electricity tariff system on basic benefit of pumped-storage power station and electricity purchasing cost of power grid were analyzed, as well.(3) In-plant economical operation model was established for pumped-storage power station, and the equal incremental method was advanced, along with model validation with Tianhuangping and Tongbai pumped-storage power station.The innovations of this thesis included:(1) Calculation method of dynamic grid tariff for pumped-storage power station on the basis of time value of capital and asset was proposed.(2) According to load fluctuation range, the method of successive approximation for peak and valley period partition was proposed. During the calculation of time of use and block tariff, the effects of increasing follow-up generating sets on front ends in operational costs were included. Considering the objectives of the load management and the benefits of power generation, supply and usage, multiple objectives optimization model for time of use electricity tariff was established using objective programming.(3) The spinning reserve cost calculation of pumped-storage power station for generation and pumping scenarios were proposed. Reactive fixed costs were shared by adopting the method of active and reactive value and electric quantity weighing. In view of dichotomy and maintaining simple reproduction, as well as time value of capital and inflation rate of price, the calculation equation of reactive tariff was deduced for pumped-storage power station.(4) Based on equivalent substitution, the benefit calculation of phase modulation was proposed for pumped-storage power station.(5) Applying objective programming, multiple objectives economical operation model was established for independent manage scenarios on the basis of time of use and block tariff.(6) Taking the pumpage and the water consumption of generating and start-stop, the in-plant economical operation model for pumped-storage power station was established, as well as the advancement of equal incremental method.更多还原