【作者】 姚敏；

【导师】 张楚廷；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 高等教育学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 大学是一个相对独立的、具有自身运行规律的社会组织。大学的有效运行和长远发展需要卓越的领导和管理。当前我国大学的管理存在诸多问题：从宏观层面看,大学没有独立地位,缺少自治的空间；在微观层面,大学行政权力严重侵蚀学术权力,大学学术权力弱化。这严重影响我国大学教育的整体水平和工作效率。我国大学的健康和长远发展亟需先进的大学管理思想。张楚廷作为我国当代著名的教育家、大学校长,在执掌湖南师范大学和湖南涉外经济学院的数十年大学教育和管理实践中,不断总结、超越、丰富自己的大学管理思想,形成了具有鲜明个性的大学管理思想体系。张楚廷大学管理智慧的形成,是其自身作为大学管理的实践者和研究者视角和身份整合,同时也是其在大学管理者与研究者之间的进行视角转换和交流的结果。张楚廷的教育实践、管理实践是其创作的源泉,而他的学术研究和创作又促进了其教育实践和管理实践。其大学管理思想与实践在中国高等教育领域有着重要的影响,对我国高等教育管理改革具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。张楚廷的“人”哲学是其大学管理实践和思想的理论基石。张楚廷的人生经历,对其关于“人”的思考产生了巨大影响。张楚廷将“人是什么”作为教育的第一问,认为教育的对象是“有生命的人”,是“有意识的存在物”,教育之根本在人。大学的产生是人的需要,是人的自我生成,是人的文化的、思想的、精神的产物。因此,在大学教育和管理中时刻都不能离开对人的思索和重视。张楚廷的大学管理实践是其大学管理思想的重要体现。张楚廷在大学管理中始终坚持以学术为本位,将学术自由视为大学的生命,并采取各种有效措施保障他的大学的学术自由。因此在处理大学内部师生员工的关系上、大学与政府、大学与外界其他机构的关系上,张楚廷始终坚持在学术上保持大学鲜明的个性,坚持大学自治和学术自由的原则。成功的大学管理实践和深刻的理论思考使得张楚廷对现实中的大学管理有更深刻的认识和洞察,为此他对当前我国大学管理提出了以下批判：首先,政府对大学的管控导致大学管理的本末倒置；其次,由于金钱对学术的腐蚀,使得大学管理的价值扭曲；再次,大学科学管理手段的误用使得大学民主管理缺乏、目标管理僵化、法制管理失范。张楚廷的大学管理思想富有深刻的哲学意蕴。张楚廷的大学管理是“显性”与“隐性”的有机融合,也是“管”与“不管”的巧妙结合。张楚廷的“隐性管理”和“不管”之管是更关注人的管理。在大学管理中需要保持大学的共性,形成以学术为统摄的大学管理——坚守大学“真理至上”的品格,同时大学要明确自己独特的理念,以塑造富有个性的、品质一流的大学。更多还原

【Abstract】 A university is a social organization with relative independence and its own operation law. Its effectively running and long-term development need excellent leaders and management. At present, there are many problems in our university management. At the macro level, universities have no independent status, lacking self-governing; at the micro-level, the administrative power of universities arrogates and weakens the academic power, which affects our universiity education and efficiency. The healthy and long-term development of our universities is in great need of advanced thoughts of university management. Mr. Zhang Chu-ting, a well-known president as well as an educator of our country, has summarized, surpassed and enriched his own university management thoughts, forming the ideological system of university management with individuality since he presided Hunan Normal University and Hunan International Economics University. The education practice and management practice are the source of Zhang Chu-ting’s creation, while his academic study and creation promote his education practice and management practice. His thoughts and practice of university management have great influence on the field of Chinese higher education, and has great theoretical and practical significance to the reforming of our higher education management.Philosophy of "human" is the theoretical cornerstone of Zhang Chu-ting’s whole education practice and thought. Zhang Chu-ting’s life experience has a great impact on his thoughts of "human". Zhang Chu-ting thinks of "what is the human" as the first question of education. In his opinion, the object of education is "human with life" and "conscious beings", and the root of education is human. The presence of University due to the needs of the human, was self-generated by human, was the product of culture, thought, spirit of human.Zhang Chu-ting’s university management practice is an important aspect of his university management thoughts. Zhang Chu-ting always adhere to the academic standard in his management of university, regard the academic freedom as the life of Universit, and take various effective measures to ensure the University’s academic freedom. In dealing with the relationship between teachers, students and staff, the relationship between the government and the university, as well as the relationship between the university and the society, Zhang Chuting insists that the University must keep its own academic characteristics and adhere to the self-governing and academic freedom.Successful practice and theoretic thinking of university management make Zhang Chu-ting more understand the reality of university management, and he criticizes the current university management. First, it puts the cart before the horse in university management due to the government’s controlling universities; then, the erosion of money to the academics leads to the distortion of the university management; and the misuse of the scientific management leads to the deficiency of democratic management, the ossification of object management and the anomie of legal management.The university management is full of philosophical implication. His university management is the integrating of the overt management and implicit managemen as well as the clever combination of the "management" and "non-management". The implicit management and the nonmanagement is a kind of more human-oriented management. General character must be kept in university management, forming the university management based on the academic management, sticking to the character of "nothing but the truth". Meanwhile, the managers must be clear about the unique idea of the university, molding it with personality and first-class quality.更多还原