【作者】 王玲；

【导师】 江沛；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2014， 博士

【副题名】以1949-1966年河南开封的优抚为中心

【摘要】 优抚是国家推行的社会保障事务。本文以1949—1966年的优抚为切入点,利用河南省、开封市、商丘市档案馆的档案资料、《内务部通讯》,史料集、书信等,探讨建国初期国家管理社会事务的理念与方式,分析国家与烈军属、民众之间的关系,评估优抚的保障水平。政府从实现工业化的国家利益出发,制定物质优待济贫以及优待义务主要由民众而非国家承担的政策,建立下沉至基层的优抚管理体系,推行以摸底排队与登记、民主评议、工作检查以及调查研究为核心的运作与监督机制。优抚政策引发烈军属、民众、干部的异议,烈军属要求不分贫富,全部享受物质优待,民众、干部希望由国家财政负担烈军属的优待。国家利用管理体系与运作机制推行政策,力图协调各方利益,消弭分歧,而烈军属、民众、干部则通过逃避、怠工、信访、行政权力等手法维护自身利益。由于建国之初经济发展水平较低,以及支援工业化的理念,劳力、物质优待与抚恤仅能维持温饱,满足生存需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Special Care Work of China was social security affairs pursued by the state. The article explores the concept and methods of government to manage social affairs in early years of the nation, analyses the relationship between the state and families of martyrs and servicemen, the people, and assesses the level of Special Care Work, using archives of Henan Provincial Archives, Kaifeng Municipal Archives, Shangqiu Municipal Archives, The Ministry of the interior communication, the published historical materials, and the letters from the perspective of Special Care Work of China.The state set down the policies of helping the poor and the preferential treatment born by the people for the industrialization, established the management system of Special Care Work, and practiced the operation and supervision mechanism from register and classification, democratic discussions, work inspection and investigation. Families of martyrs and servicemen, the people, and the cadres had an altercation over the policies. Families of martyrs and servicemen demanded for fair preferential treatment. The people and the cadres hoped the preferential treatment was born by the state. The government coordinated interests, and eliminated difference. Families of martyrs and servicemen, the people, and the cadres safeguarded their interests by elusion, sabotage, petition letter. Mass Preferential Treatment and the Pension supported the basic of Subject of Special Care.更多还原