【作者】 陈峥；

【导师】 戴鞍钢；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 全面抗战爆发后,为拯救民族危亡,青年学生踊跃入伍。对这一问题的研究,学人主要关注于抗战后期国民政府发动的知识青年从军运动,而关于地方实力派组建学生军的成果则不多。1938年10月,日军占领广州、武汉后。抗日战争进入了新阶段,日本在对正面战场发动有限军事进攻的同时,还采取政治诱降的方针,以引诱中国军队和政府投降,役使中国民众为其侵略服务。鉴于形势的变化,国民政府认为中国已经进入“第二期抗战”阶段,国民政府军事委员会对抗战初期的片面抗战路线进行了修正,由单纯的军事抗战转为对政治、民众、精神、运动战及游击战等的重视。对新桂系来说,广州失陷后,广西已经直接面临日军的武力威胁。因留守广西的部队势单力薄,无法对抗日军入侵,为动员民众投身抗日救亡,配合正规军作战,新桂系于1938年11月组建了第三届广西学生军(以下简称学生军)。学生军成立后,经短暂的军政训练后,奉命挺进桂南、桂东南等地,负责动员民众、推行政府政令等工作。桂南会战期间,学生军采取多种方式配合军队作战,保障了会战的进行。会战结束后,学生军配合军队和政府完成了善后工作。1941年8月,学生军被解散。中共对学生军的成立也十分重视,通过种种方式与新桂系对学生军进行争夺。围绕以上两条线索,本文从以下几个方面展开论述。第一章主要分析了学生军的组建原因。学生军的成立,有着多方面的原因和时代背景。抗战进入新阶段后,新桂系无论是民众动员还是部队的政训工作,都急需大量人员,为防备蒋介石势力对广西的扩张和中共对广西青年的争夺,鉴于军校学生在国内战争的优异表现和第一、二届广西学生军的成功经验,广西当局组建了第三届广西学生军。第二章对学生军的组建与训练进行了考察。主要研究了广西当局的宣传动员、考核方式、组建部队、创设领导机构、军政训练等内容。第三章主要考察了学生军在桂南会战前后的活动。桂南会战前,学生军主要配合政府进行了在军事政治、经济、文化宣传等方面开展了社会动员；会战爆发后,学生军配合正规军,协助基层政府,动员民众破坏日军后勤补给,打击汉奸势力,建立军民合作站,保证部队后勤供给,为部队提供情报和向导,进行战地宣传等；会战结束后,学生军协助政府恢复基层政权,处理战争遗留问题,收容救济难民,完成了收复区的善后工作。中共与新桂系对学生军的争夺是本文的重要内容,论文第四章对这一问题进行了考察。中共对学生军的成立十分重视,为争夺这批青年,在学生军成立之初,就派遣了大批党员加入。学生军成立后,中共通过派将领和学者在学生军中演讲,为学生军培养宣传骨干,派党员掌握学生军创办的报刊,反击托派分子破坏,反三青团和军官控制,加强上层渗透,组织学生学习文化和马克思主义理论等手段,基本掌握了学生军的文化领导权和基层领导权,使很多学生发展成为中共党员和积极分子。第五章主要研究了学生军解散的原因及解散后学生的去向问题。因国内外形势变化和日军从桂南的撤退,在善后工作完成后,新桂系以学生军“赤化”的名义将其解散,随后对学生的去向进行了安排。学生军解散后,中共党员和积极分子继续活动,发展和壮大中共力量,“豫湘桂战役”爆发后,学生军党员领导民众开展游击战争,发动抗日武装起义。在第三次国内战争时期,他们继续坚持游击斗争,发动武装起义,建立游击根据地,配合解放军解放广西,为新民主主义革命在广西的胜利和其他地区做出了一定的贡献。纵观学生军三年的活动,主要有以下几方面特点,内部官生兵夫平等,工作方式以分散行动为主,与民众关系密切；在大后方青年中起到了楷模作用；中共则通过在学生军中的活动培养和储备了一批人才和干部,对中共在广西的发展和壮大起到了很大的作用。学生军的人数尽管只相当于正规军的一个师,但这些人员都是接受过一定教育、有较强组织和动员能力的学生,其在宣传和民众动员等工作中所发挥的特殊作用远非正规军一个师所能比。其他地方如山西虽然也组建了新的武装,但属于战斗部队。可以说,大规模组建以宣传和动员民众等任务为主的学生武装团体,广西是国民党地方实力派中绝无仅有的。综上所述,在抗战初期的广西,面临日本、蒋介石、中共等多种势力的威胁,为确保自己的地盘,新桂系认识到了单凭已有军队难以应付复杂的局面,而必须依靠民众的力量,因而不得不成立学生军以动员民众来增强自身实力。囿于抗日民族统一战线的有关协议,中共只能采取公开和秘密相结合的方式对广西当局新成立的学生军加以控制和影响。从上述的论述也看出,中共的工作基本达到了预期的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Anti-Japanese War broke out, to save the nation in peril, young students joined the army enthusiastically. To this day, the academic achievements mainly concentrated in the war of resistance in the late of the national government of educated youth military exercise. But little research has been done on the regional power groups setting up student Army.In October 1938, after the Japanese occupied Guangzhou and Wuhan. The Anti Japanese war had entered a new stage, Japan on the fronts of limited military attacked at the same time, also took the policy of political lure into surrender, surrendered to lure Chinese military and government, treated the Chinese public service to its aggression. In view of the change of the situation, the national government that China has entered the stage of the second phase of the war of resistance, fighted at the beginning of the national government military commission revised partial resistance line, from a purely military resistance to the political, people and spirit, locomotive war and guerrilla war.For the Guangxi Clique, after the fall of Guangzhou, Guangxi had directly faced the Japanese threat of force. Because of its weak forces and unable to fight the Japanese invasion, the Guangxi Clique set up the third Guangxi Students Army in November 1938 to mobilize the masses in the Anti Japanese national salvation and cooperate with regular army combat (hereinafter referred to as the Students Army).After the Students Army was founded with a brief military and political training, It was ordered to advance south Guangxi, southeastern Guangxi and other places which is responsible for the mobilization of the public, the implementation of government decrees etc.. During the battle of South Guangxi, the Students Army took various measures to cooperate army and ensure the battle in war zone. After the battle, the Students Army coordinated the army and the government and completed the rehabilitation work.In August 1941, the third Guangxi Students Army was disbanded. The CPC on the establishment of the Students army also attached great importance and fought over the students Army with the Guangxi Clique through a variety of ways.Around the above two clues, this paper discusses the following aspects.The first chapter mainly analyzed the formation reasons of the Students army.The establishment of the Students Army had all sorts of reasons and background. After the Anti-Japanese War entered a new stage, The Guangxi Clique either in public or political mobilization of troops training needed a large number of personnel in urgent.To guard against forces of Chiang kai-shek to the expansion of Guangxi and the CPC of the scramble for the Student Army, in view of the outstanding the Students Army in the civil war and the successful experience of the first and second session, the Guangxi authority set up the third Guangxi Students Army.The second chapter studied the organizing and training of the Students Army. Mainly studied of Guangxi government propaganda and mobilization, evaluation methods, forming forces, creating leading institutions, military training, etc..The third chapter studied the Students Army before and after the battle of South Guangxi. Before the battle of South Guangxi, the Students Army mainly cooperated with the government in the political and military, economic, cultural propaganda and carried out social mobilization. After the battle broke out, the students Army cooperated with regular army, assisted grassroots government, mobilized people to destroy the Japanese supply, hit the traitors forces, built civil military cooperation station, guaranteed the army logistics supply, provided troops with intelligence and guide and produced war propaganda, etc.. By the end of the battle, the Students Army actively to restore power at the grass-roots level, to tackle the problem of war legacy for refugee relief and assiste the government and army completed recovered in the aftermath.Competition for students between the CPC and the Guangxi Clique was the important content of this article, the thesis in the fourth chapter carried on the investigation on this issue. The CPC put great emphasis on the establishment of the Students Army. At the beginning of its establishment, the CPC sent a large number of party members to join the army. After Students army was founded, the CPC sent generals and scholars in the speech, trained military for students propaganda cadre, sent a party member students acquire army founded by the press, counterattacked trots, anti SanQingTuan and officers control, strengthened the upper infiltration, organized students to learn culture and marxist theory, basic mastered the students the cultural leadership and leadership at the grass-roots level, made many students became the the CPC party members and activists.The fifth chapter mainly studied the reasons of the dissolution of the Students Army and the problem of the students. Due to the change of the situation at home and abroad, and Japanese from South Guangxi retreat, After completion of the aftermath, the Guangxi Clique dissolved the Students Army in the name of the Redefines, and arranged the students.After the Students Army was dimissed,the CPC members and activists continued to activities, developed and expanded theforces of the CPC. After the outbreak of the Yu Xiang-Gui Battle, they led people to carry out guerrilla warfare and launched the anti-Japanese armed uprising. In the third civil war, they continued to adhere to guerrilla struggle with armed uprising and established a guerrilla base areas,They cooperated with the PLA in liberating Guangxi,for the victory of new-democratic revolution in Guangxi and made a certain contribution in other regions.Throughout the three years of activity, the Students Army was basically had the following several aspects:Soldiers and officers are equality in the army, the work styles of the Students Army wass given priority to dispersed operations and closed to people; On the home front, the Students Army played a model role in the youth;the CPC trained and reserved a batch of cadres and talents through the efforts in the Students Army which developed and strengthened the CCP in Guangxi.The number of theStudents Army although only equivalent to a division of regular army, but most of them were received a certain education which had the strong ability to organize and mobilize students, they played a special role in the war of resistance in the far from regular army had already been a division. Other places such as Shanxi province had formed a new army, but belong to combat troops. We can say that mass form was given priority to with propaganda and mobilize people to young students armed groups, Guangxi was unique in the KMT local strength.To sum up, at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Guangxi faced a variety of forces such as Japan, Jiang Jieshi and the CPC, in order to ensure their own turf, they recognized the existing army alone was difficult to deal with the complex situation, and must relied on the power of the people, so they had to set up the Students Army to mobilize the public to enhance their own strength. Under the new situation, the CPC realized the old work of the Guangxi Clique armed forces that was hard to achieve effective results, and the agreement of the anti-Japanese national united front also limited their activities.Therefore, the CPC could only through a variety of ways to control and influence the new establishment of the Students Army of the authorities in Guangxi. Seen from the above discussion, the work of the CPC basic reached the expected goal.更多还原