【作者】 李鹏；

【导师】 宋伟；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 文艺学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代,与政治领域的思想解放运动相互呼应,文化思想领域发动了影响深远的思想解放运动,人们将其称之为“新启蒙运动”。作为“新启蒙运动”的有机组成部分,改革开放新时期的启蒙主义文学思潮,在当代中国社会转型变革的历史过程中发挥了十分重要的文化思想“启蒙”作用。本文以中国当代启蒙主义文学思潮为考察对象,以中西方启蒙主义运动为历史语境,以改革开放新时期社会转型为历史背景,“重返八十年代”的历史现场,彰显文学创作、文学理论与文学批评所凸显的启蒙主义精神,描述分析中国当代启蒙文学思潮的精神实质、思维方式、价值诉求及艺术表达,进而揭橥中国当代文学思潮与“新启蒙运动”之间的内在关联。绪论,通过国内外研究状况的梳理分析,确定本文研究的意义与方法。纵观学术界关于启蒙与文学的研究,可大致分为三种类型：一是侧重于思想史论的研究；二是侧重于文化史论的研究；三是侧重于文学史论的研究。本文尝试将启蒙运动作为一个整体有机的社会文化运动,在思想史、文化史和文学史研究的视界融合中,考察新时期启蒙主义文学思潮,探寻思想与艺术之间的互动关联,并以此为历史语境和社会背景分析中国现代性问题的复杂性,以拓展当代文学、当代文学理论研究的视界与方法。第二章,重点梳理启蒙精神的内涵。研究启蒙主义文学思潮首先需要真正把握和理解启蒙精神。本章将启蒙理念置于现代性历史视野中加以分析研究,进而梳理启蒙精神的思想谱系,并阐明其相互之间的关系,以期获得较为全面的把握。由于启蒙内涵的复杂性与广博性,本文不追求一个确定性的启蒙概念,尝试从多层面梳理启蒙的思想谱系。在本文看来,启蒙精神主要可概括为人道精神、自由精神、理性精神、科学精神、民主精神、进步精神等多个相互交织的层面,由此构成“启蒙现代性”。第三章,本章追溯中国现代性的历史进程,尤其强调晚清现代性对于中国现代性的重要意义,改变以往忽视晚清以来的中国现代性历程因而忽略晚清的现代性问题的传统思想模式。从中国近现代文学历史发展看,启蒙与文学之间的关系同样十分紧密。从某种意义上说,中国近现代以来的文学就是启蒙文学的孕育、发端、高涨、回落历史,这无疑构成中国走向现代、高扬启蒙精神的极其重要的组成部分。离开启蒙的历史语境,我们就难以真正把握和理解近现代文学发生发展的精神实质及其历史意义。因而,回到近现代以来中国启蒙运动的历史语境,将有助于我们更好地理解当代中国启蒙主义文学思潮。第四章,重点考察“思想解放运动”与“新启蒙运动”之间的复杂关联。本章认为,政治上的“思想解放运动”与文化上的“新启蒙运动”之间构成了十分复杂的关系。一方面,两者之间确实存在着同构性或共通性；而另一方面,两者之间也存在着一定程度上的差异不同,以至于相互抵牾与冲突。这种文化启蒙话语与政治思想话语之间的双重变奏,表征着社会变革转型时期各种思潮观念的错综复杂性。重返八十年代文化思想的历史现场,重新回顾与审视“新启蒙运动”所留下的精神遗产,有助于我们理解当代中国社会转型中的文化思想嬗变。第五章,通过新时期社会转型中的哲学理论论争,探讨新时期启蒙主义文学思潮产生的哲学思想基础。本章以重返80年代哲学理论界关于马克思主义与人道主义的论争为切入点,分析人道主义理论对于新启蒙运动以及新启蒙主义文学思潮产生发展的重要理论意义。本章认为,以人为出发点的哲学思想冲破长久禁锢的理论禁区,成为新时期美学的重要哲学基础,对新启蒙主义文学思潮的兴起具有理论奠基重要意义。第六章,着重探讨新时期启蒙主义文学在文学理论方面所取得的理论建树。与哲学领域对人的问题的关注一样,文学理论观念变革更新的主题同样凸显的是人的主题：人的发现、人的觉醒、人性的复归成为新时期新启蒙运动的核心议题,“人的主体性”成为启蒙主义文学思潮的理论基础与精神实质。新时期文学理论重新恢复“文学是人学”的理论传统,并赋予其崭新的当代意义,以“文学主体性”为核心建构了新时期启蒙主义文学的理论核心。第七章,梳理新时期文学批评的方法创新与价值转换。本章以艺术自律原则的建立为基本线索,在审美现代性视域中探究启蒙主义文学在美学观念和艺术形式等方面的突破发展。本章认为,在新时期启蒙话语范式转换的过程中一种有别于以往的政治批判性的文学批评范式逐渐得以形成。新时期启蒙主义文学批评话语强调文学自律、自我表现、向内转、形式探索以及理性反思等新的批评观念和方法创新,展现出新启蒙文学批评话语的建构与发展。在本文看来,作为一个整体化的文化思想运动,启蒙主义思潮的兴起是社会运动、思想运动与文学运动互动融合的产物,因此,只有认清文学艺术思潮在启蒙现代性工程实施过程中的重要历史性作用,进而审视启蒙思想的历史限度及其意义价值,才有可能而有效地实现重申启蒙主义文学的启蒙精神。文学作为时代精神的感性表征,不可能脱离社会历史语境而孤立绝缘的存在,尤其是在重大历史变革时期,文学艺术向来以其特有的审美敏锐性表达着时代的风云变幻。因此,启蒙主义文学思潮研究必须摆脱狭小的学科视野限制,摆脱单一的文学研究模式的限制,因为,不论启蒙的思想运动也好,还是启蒙的文学艺术运动,启蒙是人类历史上一项伟大的社会改造工程,也就是说,启蒙不是某一个学科领域的局部的变化和革命,而是整体的社会历史运动过程。此方面研究有助于我们突破以往关于启蒙文学研究的局限。从某种意义上说,“新启蒙运动”的推展是中国现代化进程的内在理想诉求,是现代化工程的一项预设方案,它不仅为社会转型提供理论准备与思想支持,还对单一追求物质经济增长而带来的人文价值精神缺失的社会生活带来理性指引。因此,将“新启蒙运动”的人文价值追求置于当代语境加以重新检视,有助于推动和谐社会的建构,对中国现代化理想蓝图的实现具有重要的文化价值和思想意义。穗文以“新启蒙”的价值诉求与人文精神追求为内在旨趣,以期在当代社会转型中,为精神文化建设提供可资借鉴的思想资源与理论支持。回顾启蒙,反思启蒙,重申启蒙,张扬启蒙,坚定地确立启蒙的文化立场和价值取向,依然是当今时代知识分子十分重要的历史使命。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1980s, with the ideological emancipation movement in the field of politics, culture and ideology field has launched a far-reaching ideological emancipation movement which called the "New Enlightenment". As an organic part of the " New Enlightenment", the trend of Enlightment Literature Thought in the new period of Reform and Opening-up has played a very important cultural thought "Enlightenment" role in the historical process of transformational change of Chinese society. Based on the contemporary Chinese trend of Enlightenment literature thought as investigation object, with Chinese and western enlightenment movement as the historical context, on the historical background of social transformation in the new period of Reform and Opening-up, this thesis "back to the eighties’historical scene", reveals the spirit of Enlightenment highlighting by literary creation, literary theory and literary criticism, describes and analyzes the enlightenment spirit, the way of thinking, value appeal and artistic expression of the contemporary Chinese trend of Enlightenment literature thoughts, and then demonstrates the intrinsic connection between the contemporary Chinese trend of literature thoughts and the "New Enlightenment".The chapter of Introduction, by analyzing the domestic and foreign research situation, determines the meaning and method of researching. Throughout the academic study of enlightenment and literature, it can be roughly divided into three types:one is focused on the study of ideological history; The second type is focused on cultural history research; The third type is focused on the literature history studies.This thesis considers Enlightenment as a whole organic social culture movement, in the fusion of intellectual history, culture history, and literature history research, investigates the trend of Enlightenment literature thought of Enlightenment in the new period, explores the interactive relationship between thought and art, basing on which as the historical context and social background,to analyze the complexity of the problem of modernity in China, so as to expand the sight and method of the study on contemporary literature and contemporary literature theory.The second chapter, mainly contains the connotation of the spirit of Enlightenment. To study the Trend of Enlightenment literature thought firstly need to truly grasp and understand the spirit of Enlightenment. This chapter puts Enlightenment philosophy in modernity historical view to analyze and research, and then sums up the ideas of Enlightenment spirit pedigree, and clarifies the relationship between each other, in order to gain a more comprehensive grasp. Because the complex and extensive connotation of Enlightenment, this thesis hasn’t pursue a certainty in the concept of Enlightenment, but to attempt to rank the ideas of Enlightenment spectrum from multiple levels. In the view of this thesis, the spirit of Enlightenment can be mainly summarized in multiple intertwined levels, including humanitarian spirit, the spirit of freedom, rational spirit, scientific spirit, democratic spirit, the spirit of progress, and etc, thereout constitutes the "Enlightening modernity".The third chapter traces the historical process of Chinese modernity, especially emphasizes the significance of late Qing Dynasty modernity to Chinese modernity,to change the traditional thinking way of previous neglect of Chinese modernity process since late Qing Dynasty and therefore ignoring the problem of modernity in late Qing Dynasty. Through the development of Chinese modern literature history, the relationship between Enlightenment and literature is also very close. In some sense, the Chinese modem literature is the history of the pregnance of Enlightenment, the initiative of Enlightenment, the boom of Enlightenment and the fallen of Enlightenment.It’s no doubt that it would be an extremely important part for China to realize modernization, to uplift the spirit of Enlightenment. Without the historical context of Enlightenment, it would be difficult to understand and grasp the contemporary and modern literature’s spiritual essence and the historical meaning of its occurrence and development. Therefore, back to the history of Chinese and western Enlightenment historical context will help us better understand the trend of Enlightenment literature thoughts in contemporary China.The fourth chapter, focuses on the complex connection between "Ideological Emancipation Movement" and "New Enlightenment". This chapter argues that the political "Ideological Emancipation Movement" and cultural "New Enlightenment" constitutes extremely complicate relationship. On the one hand, there is homogeneity and convergence in between; On the other hand, there is difference in some degree so that they clash and conflict from each other. This kind of dual variation between cultural Enlightenment discourse and political thought discourse, characterizes the complexities of various thoughts ideas during the period of transition. Back to the eighties’culture thought historical scene, review and rethink the spiritual heritage left by the "New Enlightenment", will help us to understand the evolution of culture thought in the contemporary Chinese social transformation.The fifth chapter, through the dispute of philosophical theory in the New Period social transformation, to probe the foundation of philosophy ideas which has caused the trend of Enlightenment literature thought in the new period. This chapter puts out the argument between marxism and humanitarianism in "Back to the Eighties" philosophy theory as a key point,to analyze the important theoretical significance of humanitarian theory to New Enlightenment and the generation and development of New Enlightenment literature ideological trend. This chapter argues that the philosophy of putting man as starting point has broken the long confinement theory, become the important philosophical basis of aesthetics in the new period, having foundational importance to the rise of New Enlightenment literature ideological trend.Chapter 6 emphatically discusses the progress of Enlightenment literature theory in the new period. The same as philosophy focusing on the issue of human, the theme of the change of the concept of literary theory is also highlights the theme of human:the discovery of human, human awakening and return of human nature become the core issue of the New Enlightenment movement in the new period, "the subjectivity of human" become the theoretical basis and spiritual essence of Enlightenment literature ideological trend. Literary theory in the new period restores the traditional theory of "literature is based on human", and gives its brand-new contemporary significance, as the core, "the literature subjectivity" constructs the theoretical core of Enlightenment literature in the new period.Chapter 7 sums up the innovation of method and the transformation of value in the new period literature criticism. In this chapter, the establishment of art self-discipline principle as the basic clue, in the horizon of the aesthetic modernity, to explore the breakthrough development in aesthetic concepts and art forms of Enlightenment literature. This chapter argues that in the new era of Enlightenment discourse paradigm shifting process, there is one different from the previous literary criticism paradigm of political critical having gradually formed. Enlightenment literature criticism discourse in the new period emphasizes the literary self-discipline, self-expression, turning inward, form exploration, rational reflection and other new criticism concept and method innovation, so that shows the construction and development of the New Enlightenment literary criticism discourse.In the view of this thesis, as a cultural integration thought movement, the rise of the Enlightenment thought is an interactive fusion product of social movement,thought campaign and literary movement, as a result, only to recognize the important historic role in the project of Enlightening modernity implementation process, and then survey the historical limit value and significance of the Enlightenment, could it be possible to effectively achieve reiterating the spirit of Enlightenment literature. As the perceptual representation of the time spirit, literature can’t isolatedly exist by separating from social and historical context, especially during the period of the great historical change, literature and art has always been with its peculiar aesthetic sharpness to express the changing of the Times. Therefore, the study of Enlightenment literature ideological trend must get rid of the narrow field of vision, get rid of the limitation of single mode of literary studies, because, no matter the thought campaign of Enlightenment or the literature and art movement of Enlightenment, Enlightenment is always a great social transformation project in human history, in other words, Enlightenment is not partial change and revolution in a certain field of subject, but the overall movement process of social history. This part of research will help us to break through the confine of the past research about Enlightenment literature.In some sense, the promotion of "New Enlightenment" is the intrinsic ideal pursuit of Chinese modernization process, also is a preset plan of modern engineering. It is not only providing theoretical prepation and intellectual support for social transformation, it is also rationally guiding the phenomenon that for single pursuit of material growth,our social life is lack of the spirit of humanity value. Therefore, putting the humanistic value pursuit of "New Enlightenment" in the contemporary context to re-examine, is helpful to promote the construction of a harmonious society, and having important cultural value and ideaistic significance in the realization of the ideal blueprint of the idea of the modernization of China. In this paper, the value of "New Enlightenment" demands and the humanistic spirit pursuit for intrinsic interest, so as to provide a helpful thought resource for spiritual culture construction and theoretical support in the contemporary social transformation.Reviewing of Enlightenment, rethinking Enlightenment, reiterating Enlightenment, displaying Enlightenment, and firmly establishing the cultural position and value orientation of Enlightenment, is still an extremely important historical mission for contemporary intellectuals.更多还原