节点文献
降解汽车尾气与缓减城市热岛效应的沥青混合料研究
Research on the Degradation of Automobile Exhaust and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island Effect of Bituminous Mixture
【作者】 雷雨滋；
【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2014， 博士
【摘要】 目前，城市环境面临的主要问题有空气污染和城市热岛效应，作为城市下垫面主要组成的沥青路面和汽车尾气均是造成这些问题的主要原因之一。因此，研究路面降解尾气和降温技术对促进新型路面材料技术发展和改善居民生活环境具有重要意义。本文对掺加光触媒材料的沥青混合料降解汽车尾气性能展开研究，并就缓减热岛效应型混合料的设计与性能进行研究。综合分析减少城市空气污染和缓减城市热岛效应两个方面，考虑技术集成及其交互作用的影响，开发出全新的具有降解汽车尾气和降低路面温度的城市道路多功能沥青混合料。提出尾气测试系统的构造条件，并开发路面汽车尾气模拟及测试系统。该系统由汽车尾气供应装置、分解反应装置、气体浓度实时测试装置及附属的连接部分组成。对系统组成装置的功能、构造、参数等进行研究；确立降解尾气测试系统的试验方法，并建立反应装置内的汽车尾气自然衰减模型，评估尾气在反应装置内的衰变规律。在分析现有降解尾气评价指标的基础上，提出系统的降解尾气评价指标体系。研究确定测试系统的光照强度、气体浓度、试验温度及试验时间等测试参数。提出可应用于道路领域光触媒的基本条件，并初选确定纳米Fe2O3和纳米TiO2为备用光触媒材料。通过降解尾气性能及对沥青性能影响的研究，优选确定TiO2为最佳光触媒材料。对TiO2光触媒的粒径、晶体结构、掺量等技术要求进行研究。对掺配方式、温度、光照强度、尾气浓度、混合料类型及空隙率等影响光触媒混合料降解尾气性能的因素进行研究；评价光触媒对沥青胶浆性能、混合料路用性能的影响。确立热阻式沥青混合料的温度和热物性参数试验方法。优选页岩陶粒作为热阻集料，采用等体积掺配方案进行热阻式沥青混合料配合比设计。研究热阻集料掺量变化对混合料马歇尔指标和路用性能的影响；通过室内和野外温度测试来评价混合料降温效果。分析热阻沥青混合料的热物性和阻热降温机理。综合降温及性能研究结果，推荐陶粒的最佳体积掺量为40%。对具有降解汽车尾气与缓减热岛效应功能的沥青混合料进行集成设计，并就混合料降解尾气性能、降低路面温度和路用性能进行综合评价。开发出全新的降解汽车尾气与缓减热岛效应型沥青混合料。
【Abstract】 At present, air pollution and urban heat island effect is main problems with city environment, one ofthe main reasons for these problems is the city underlying surface is mainly composed of asphalt pavementand vehicle exhaust.Therefore, the pavement degradation of exhaust gas and cooling technology forpromote new pavement materials technology development and improvement of residents livingenvironment have great significance.In this paper, studies the blending with photocatalytic degradation of automobile exhaust performanceof bituminous mixture, and ease the heat island effect type mixture design and performance were studied.comprehensive analysis reduce urban air pollution and ease the urban heat island effect two aspects,considering the influence of technology integration and interaction, to develop new automobile tail gasdegradation and reduce the urban road pavement temperature multi-function bituminous mixture.Puts forward the structure of the vehicle exhaust test system conditions, and develop the road vehiclesimulation and testing system. Vehicle exhaust test system supplied by automobile exhaust device,decomposition reaction device, gas concentration of real-time testing device and accessory connection parts.Study the system composed of device function, structure and parameter; Establishment of test method fordegradation of exhaust test system, and establish the model of automobile exhaust natural attenuation inreaction device, to evaluate the decay law of exhaust gas in the reaction. Based on the analysis of theexisting evaluation index, put forward the system of evaluation index system of degradation of tail gas.Research and determine the illumination intensity, exhaust gas concentration, such as test temperature andtest time of the testing system.Basic conditions of photocatalytic applied in road can be proposed, and primary determination ofnano ferric oxide and nano titanium dioxide as backup photocatalyst material. Through the degradation ofautomobile exhaust performance and the influence of the asphalt performance study, optimization todetermine titanium dioxide as the best photocatalytic materials. Particle size and crystal structure oftitanium dioxide light catalyst, such as how much content to study the technical requirements. Study on thetechnique requirements of titanium dioxide photocatalyst particle size, crystal structure and titaniumdioxide content. To study the factors of blending mode, temperature, light intensity, concentration ofexhaust gas, mixture type and porosity effects of photocatalyst degradation of tail gas mixture performance;Evaluation of photocatalytic effect on the performance of asphalt mortar and mixture road performance. Establish the thermal resistance of asphalt mixture temperature and thermal physical propertyparameters test method. Optimization of shale ceramsite as thermal resistance aggregate, and mixproportion design of thermal asphalt mixture by volume mixing scheme. Study on the changes of thermalresistance aggregate content for the properties influence of mixture Marshall index and road performance;through indoor and outdoor test to evaluate the mixture temperature cooling effect. Analysis the thermalphysical properties and cooling mechanism of heat resistance asphalt mixture. Integrated cooling andperformance results, recommend the best volume ceramsite content is40%.With degradation of automobile exhaust and ease the heat-island effect function to integrate design ofasphalt mixture, and to mix degradation exhaust performance, reducing road surface temperature and roadperformance make a comprehensive evaluation. Developed new asphalt mixture with degradation ofautomobile exhaust and mitigation of urban heat island effect.