节点文献
关于在等离子体中使用两束激光产生高电荷量粒子束的研究
Generating High-charge Energetic Particle Bunches by the Interaction of Two Intense Laser Pulses with Plasmas
【作者】 杨磊;
【导师】 王新刚;
【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 , 等离子体物理, 2014, 博士
【摘要】 本文主要研究使用两束激光提高激光等离子体电子加速和离子加速产生的高能电子和高能离子电荷量的方案。我们首先介绍了激光等离子体电子加速和离子加速的相关背景,其中包括核聚变能源利用和发展过程,热核反应发生的基本条件,等离子体物理的基本现象、理论模型和数值模拟方法,可控核聚变的两种主要的实现途径——磁约束核聚变和激光惯性约束核聚变。其中惯性约束核聚变需要研究激光与等离子体之间的相互作用过程,为此我们介绍了激光技术的发展现状,激光等离子体相互作用涉及的主要的物理过程:物质的电离,带电粒子的电磁场中的运动,激光激发的等离子体尾波和空泡,激光等离子体不稳定性以及激光与固体的相互作用过程等。为了研究激光等离子体相互作用过程,我们根据等离子体粒子模拟的相关理论开发了一套Particle-In-Cell (PIC)数值计算模拟程序。我们在文中介绍了PIC模拟的发展过程,理论基础和模拟流程。具体的实现过程包括:粒子云的推动,电荷密度和电流密度的计算,电磁场的推进以及激光脉冲的引入等。为了验证我们的PIC模拟程序的正确性,我们参照其他研究者的工作模拟了相同条件下的等离子体空泡以及激光与固体靶相互作用的过程,模拟结果与前人的结果高度一致性,进而验证了该PIC模拟程序的可靠性。在激光等离子体电子加速方面,我们回顾了电子加速的发展历程,介绍了其他研究者获得的理论和实验成果,并提出使用两束斜入射激光提高高能电子束电荷量的方案。我们使用二维PIC模拟程序模拟了两束激光在稀薄等离子体中的传播过程,发现适当入射角的斜入射激光能够让空泡和高能电子束发生合并,由此产生的合并电子束的电荷量是单束激光产生的电子束电荷量的两倍甚至更多,并且具有低能散和低发散的优良特性。我们进一步研究了电子束在相空间中的合并过程,指出聚焦场是导致电子束合并和聚焦的主要原因。通过引入两个新的描述电子束特性的物理量,我们还研究激光入射角对合并过程的影响,指出电子束的有效合并需要一个优化的激光入射角。这一研究结果表明使用两束斜入时激光可以有效地提高高能电子束的电荷量。在激光等离子体离子加速方面,我们回顾了离子加速的发展历程和研究进展,介绍了两个主要的离子加速理论机制——靶陗层加速(TNSA)和辐射压加速(RPA)。其中TNSA涉及电子吸收激光能量的过程,为此我们介绍了电子吸收激光能量的两种机制——共振吸收和J×B加热。在TNSA的框架下,我们提出了使用两束斜入射激光提高高能离子电荷量的方案。我们使用三维PIC模拟程序研究了两束斜入射p偏振激光与固体靶的相互作用过程,发现由此产生的高能离子的电荷量远远大于单束激光产生的高能离子的电荷量。在此基础上,我们进一步研究了激光入射角,激光间距,等离子体密度梯度对高能离子电荷量的影响,并且利用电子吸收激光能量的机制解释这些现象。分析结果显示,激光脉冲重叠是导致两束激光产生更高电荷量的高能离子束的根本原因。通过研究脉冲重叠面积和高能离子电荷量对激光入射角和激光间距的依赖关系,我们对该物理机制进行了验证。研究结果表明,通过参数优化,可以通过两束斜入射激光同固体靶相互作用产生大电荷量高能离子束。我们对两束斜入射激光同等离子体相互作用的初步研究表明,通过设计新的物理方案,在对系统参数进行优化后,完全有可能大幅度的提高高能带电粒子束的电荷数量。
【Abstract】 A new scheme using two laser pulses is proposed in this article to improve the production of energetic electrons and ions in laser-plasma interaction.The background of laser-plasma electron/ion acceleration is briefly introduced here, such as the history for the usage of nuclear fusion energy, the condition of thermonuclear reaction, basic concepts of plasma physics and two potential methods to achieve confinement nuclear fusion re-action:magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Meanwhile, some laser-plasma interactions related to ICF are also introduced here, such as ionization of mat-ters, particle motion in electromagnetic field, generation of laser-plasma wakefield and bubble, laser-plasma instabilities and laser-solid interactions.Based on the theories of Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation, we have developed a PIC code to investigate laser-plasma interactions involved in this article. Some technical details are described here, such as the pushing of macro particle, method of calculating charge and current, evolution of electromagnetic field and introducing of laser pulse. Meanwhile, according to former researches, some benchmarks are conducted to valid the abilities of our PIC code.The interaction of two energetic electron bunches generated in the wakefields of two intense intersecting laser pulses in rarefied plasmas is investigated using our PIC simulations. It is found that, with suitable intersection angle between the two laser pulses, the initially independent wake-field accelerated electron bunches can merged into a single one with high charge, energy, and nar-row energy spread. The dynamics of the laser-pulse intersection and wake-bubble merging process is also investigated, and the crucial roles of the intersection angle are pointed out and analyzed.As for ion acceleration, a new scheme using two laser pulses with same polarization and oblique incidence is proposed to improve the production of laser driven energetic ions based on TNSA mechanism.3D PIC simulations show that the charge of high energy ions is twice of that using only one laser when these two lasers are separated away and interacting with plasma independently. Furthermore, with these lasers close enough for optimized incidence angle and plasma density gradient, energetic ions generated becomes much more than doubled, along with small energy spread and narrow distribution both angularly and spatially.Our scheme provides a new way for generating high-charge electron and ion bunches through laser-plasma interaction.
【Key words】 two laser pulses; oblique incidence; plasma; energetic particle bunches; high-charge;