【作者】 张成；

【导师】 马伟明；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着电力电子器件技术、信息和控制技术的日益进步,智能化、模块化、中高压、大容量、高功率密度、高可维护性和高可靠性是现代电力电子变流技术的一个重要发展方向。对于我国未来的航母与大型舰船来说,电力推进系统、大容量区域配电系统、高能武器系统等分系统中大都包含有大容量或超大容量(MW级到数百MW级)的电力电子变流装置,然而在这些变流装置中,由于功率开关器件、控制变量以及反馈变量等的数目都非常多,若采用传统的集中式控制架构和控制方式,会使得系统不具备模块化功能,电磁自兼容性较差,通用性差,难以对控制系统进行重新配置,且大量的点对点通讯和内部的连接线,直接导致了系统的可靠性和可维护性差,控制系统和通信结构会变得更加复杂,不利于电力电子变流器系统的模块化、分布式、可靠性、可维护性和智能化程度的改善,因此在该方面存在一些关键技术问题迫切需要解决。本文以24MVA级十五相推进变频器为主要研究对象,分析和研究一种高速光纤环网通信的变流器分布式控制系统,主要对这种基于高速光纤环网通信的十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统的相关关键技术问题进行研究。根据十五相推进变频器的空间分布特性,对变频器的功率级和控制级进行了模块划分,并建立了一种基于传统高速光纤环网通信的十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统。对这种环网通信用硬件控制器的功能进行了详细的分析与设计,并根据十五相推进变频器的工作特点,制定了一种适用于这种高速光纤环网通信的通信协议。针对传统高速光纤环网存在着固有的网络延时问题,详细分析了环网通信拓扑中单桥臂网络延时和串行桥臂网络延时对输出电压谐波的影响,仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性,为解决环网通信分布式拓扑结构中的同步问题提供了理论依据。根据传统高速光纤环网通信的特点,提出了一种系统同步延时自动测量和补偿的方法,可以根据各节点之间光纤线长度的不同,自动计算出系统数据和命令信息通过每个节点的处理延时,通用性高,且通信协议和软件编程简单,并通过实验验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。针对传统高速光纤环网通信中网络延时较大,网络数据需要经过每一从节点的转发,且其已有的同步方法存在着同步延时和误差积累的问题,本文提出了一种新颖的可切换式高速光纤环网通信拓扑结构,分析了这种拓扑结构的工作模式和同步延时模型,并提出了一种适用于该种网络拓扑的高性能同步方法,其同步精度可达到8ns,且不存在有同步误差积累的问题。针对已有SPWM(正弦脉冲宽度调制)逆变器中的窄脉冲补偿技术会影响电机起动和低速性能,增加电机的转矩脉动,本文提出了一种SPWM调制方式下的适用于分布式控制系统的基于零序偏置量注入的三电平窄脉冲补偿方法,可以有效的提高电机的低速性能和减小电机的转矩脉动。此外,经试验研究发现,在变流器的某种工况下,死区时间的引入造成了IGBT的开通和关断时间拉长的现象。本文对这种现象的产生机理进行了详细的理论分析与试验验证,可为电力电子工程研究人员对电力电子变流器系统死区补偿的研究提供参考,同时也为日益发展的有源门极驱动技术提供了理论依据。最后,将本文研究的相关技术应用到十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统中,对这种基于传统高速光纤环网通信的分布式控制系统的数据通信和基本功能进行了试验验证。试验结果表明了这种十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统的正确性,同时也反映了本文所研究的相关技术的正确性和可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With power electronic device technology, information technology and control technology progressing increasingly, a significant trend of modern power converting techniques has appeared towards developing the power electronic devices which are characterized by intelligence, modularization, midium-high voltage, large capacity, high power density, high maintainability and high reliability. For our future aircraft carriers and large ships, their electric propulsion system, high-capacity regional distribution system and high-energy weapons sysem will mostly contain power electronics converter devices of large capacity or super large capacity (MW to hundreds of MW level). As there are lots of power switch devices, control variables and feedback variables, the use of the traditional centralized control architecture and control mode will bring non-modualarization, poor electromagnetic compatibility and flexibility to the system and cause the control system to be difficult to reconfigure. Besides, a large number of point-to-point communication and inner connection lines will directly affect the reliability and maintainability of the system and make the control system and communications architecture so complex that it is difficult to improve the modularization, reliability, maintainability and intelligent degree of the power electronic converter system. Therefore, there are some critical technical problems needed to be solved in this aspect. With the24MVA level fifteen-phase converter as an object of study, this paper has made a deep study of a distributed converter system based on a high-speed fiber optic ring network communication, especially an investigation of the related key technologies of the fifteen-phase propulsion converter didtributed control system.According to the space distribution characteristics of the fifteen-phase propulsion converter, the power level and control level of the converter is determined by modular division, and a distributed control system of the fifteen-phase propulsion converter is established based on the conventional high-speed fiber optic ring network communication. The function of the hardware controller for ring network communication is also analyzed and designed in detail. For the operation features of the fifteen-phase propulsion converter, the paper develops a communication protocol suitable to the high-speed fiber optic ring network communication.As for an inherent network delay in the conventional high-speed fiber optic ring network, a detailed analysis is made of the influence of single bridge arm and serial bridge arm network delay on the output voltage harmonics. The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation and provides a theoretical basis for the synchronization in the distribution topology architecture of ring network communication. According to the characteristics of the conventional high-speed fiber optic ring network communication, the paper has proposed a method for the automatic measurement and compensation of system synchronization delay. The method can be used to automatically calculate the processing delay of the system data and command passing through each node according to differnet lengths of the fiber-optic lines between the nodes. Because of its high flexibility and contribution to simplifying the communication protocol and soft programming, this method is proved to be correct and feasible through experiments.Aiming at the problems such as a large network delay, the retransmission of network data through every slave node and the accumulation of synchronization delays and errors in the conventional high-speed fiber optic ring network, the paper has presented a novel switchable high-speed fiber optic network communication topology architecture, analyzed the operation mode and synchronization delay model of the topology and offered a high-performance synchronization method for the proposed network topology. The method can be used to achieve the synchronization accuracy within8ns, and there is no accumulation of synchronization errors.Considering that the existing narrow pulse compensation techology used in SPWM (Sine Pulse Width Modulation) inverter will influence the starting and low-speed performance and increase the torque ripple of the motor, the paper has proposed a three-level narrow pulse compensation technology for the distributed control system in a SPWM modulation mode by zero sequence bias injection. It can improve the low-speed performance and decrease the torque ripple of the motor, In addition, it is found from the experimental study that the dead time injection causes the turn-on and turn-off time of the IGBT to be longer in a cetain operating state. The mechanism of generating this phenomenon is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified in detail in this paper. The results can provide certain reference for power electronics engineering researchers and also a certain theoretical basis for developing the active gate drive technology.Finally, the application of the related technologies mentioned in the paper to the fifteen-phase propulsion converter distributed control system aims at testing and verifying the data communication and the basic functions of the distributed control system based on the conventional high-speed fiber optic ring network communication. The results show that the distributed control system is correct and that the related technologies researched in the paper are effective and feasible.更多还原