【作者】 陈明；

【导师】 赵振宇；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 新闻学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 处于转型期的中国,整个社会经历着深刻的变革。经济发展虽然取得了巨大的成就,但配套机制的不完善,财富分配的失衡,导致社会各个利益群体之间出现了尖锐的矛盾和摩擦,利益冲突不断,群体性事件频发。自然灾害、公共卫生事件等近些年来也在中国屡屡发生,中国已经进入了“风险社会”。在“风险社会”中,突发事件频发不是偶发事件,而成为了社会的常态。众多突发事件,给我国政府和媒体带来了严峻的挑战。在突发事件的应急应对体系中,政府处于绝对的主导地位。突发事件的舆论引导,成了政府引导舆论,安抚民众的重要手段。在这方面,西方发达国家有不少成功的经验。然而,由于历史和现实的原因,几十年来我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导却出现诸多问题。在一些突发事件中,政府及媒体做了大量的舆论引导工作,但是却几乎没有起到任何作用,甚至有时还引发反效果。遇到突发事件,我国各级政府往往是仓促应战,缺乏系统的制度安排。因此,要提升我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导的效果,必须要加强我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导研究,并建立起相应的舆论引导效果评估指标和体系。本文是我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导研究的一个全新的尝试,论文分以下几个章节。第一个章节,我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导的历史沿革。该章节详细梳理和回顾了我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导的历史,并将其分为三个阶段：1949-1976年,1977-2003年,2004-。通过回顾厘清我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导历史的脉络,发现舆论引导的共同特征,以及潜在的问题。因为研究的需要,还对千岛湖事件、非典、汶川地震这3个代表性的突发事件中政府舆论引导的实践单独进行了评析。第二个章节,我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导历史的相关思考。在前一个章节对我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导的历史沿革梳理的基础上,本章节对此进行了相关的思考,主要有如下几点：突发事件中我国党和政府对媒体保持着绝对的控制；政府信息公开的程度不断提高,但在某些领域还是不能满足公众的期望；政府应对突发事件舆论引导的路径更加多样化。但是在这些变化之外,我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导还存在一些问题,如舆论引导的主体政府部门自身需要加强建设,政府还需要开拓新的舆论引导路径,欠缺突发事件舆论引导效果的评估指标和体系。第三个章节,我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导的自身建设。政府作为舆论引导的主体,自身不能出现问题。但现实情况是,作为舆论引导主体的我国政府确实还是存在一些问题。解决这些问题,就需要政府加强自身的建设,从如下几个方面入手：落实和完善已有的法律和法规；建立健全舆情预警预测体系；提升政府自身的公信力；加强对民族地区突发事件形成原因的研究；加强政府新闻发言人的培养；提升政府官员的媒介素养等。自身建设是根本,只有将根本处理好,才能提升舆论引导的效果。第四个章节,我国政府应对突发事件舆论引导的路径研究。舆论引导的路径,决定着政府在舆论引导中可以选择的运作手段。该章节提出了政府应对突发事件舆论引导可供选择的路径：利用政府网站进行舆论引导；利用政务微博进行引导；及时权威的新闻发布；积极开展国际合作,利用国外媒体；以及借助其他舆论引导主体(如媒体、个人、企业、非政府组织等)进行舆论引导等。第五个章节,政府应对突发事件舆论引导能力评估体系研究。长期以来,我国缺乏政府应对突发事件舆论引导能力的评估体系,导致事件中外界很难对政府的舆论引导实践进行评估。该章节借鉴了国内一些优秀的学术机构和地方的相关经验和成果,构建了全新的政府应对突发事件舆论引导能力指标和体系,以期促使我国的舆论引导评估更加的规范化和制度化。更多还原

【Abstract】 In a period of transition in China, the whole society is undergoing profound changes. Economic development has made tremendous achievements, but the supporting mechanism is not perfect, imbalance in the distribution of wealth, leading to a sharp contradiction and friction between the various interest groups in society, interests’conflict, and the frequent group events. Natural disasters, public health incidents in recent years have occurred frequently in China, China has entered a "risk society". In the "risk society", frequent emergencies not contingency, and become a social norm. Many unexpected events brought grim challenge to our government and media.In the emergency response system, the government is in the dominant position. Unexpected events of public opinion guidance, into a government to guide public opinion, to appease the important means of people. In this aspect, the western developed countries have many successful experiences. However, due to historical and practical reasons, for decades the Chinese government emergency public opinion have emerged many problems. During an emergency, the government and the media have done a lot of public opinion guidance, but almost did not play any role, even sometimes cause the opposite effect. Encounter unexpected events, all levels of government in our country is often rush to fight, the lack of institutional arrangement system. Therefore, to enhance our government to respond to emergencies of public opinion guidance effect, We must strengthen the guidance of our government to respond to emergencies of public opinion, and to establish the evaluation index system to guide the public opinionThis paper is a new attempt to research to guide our government to respond to emergencies of public opinion, the paper is divided into the following sections. The first chapter, the historical evolution of our government to respond to emergencies of public opinion. This chapter summarizes and reviews the Chinese government response to incidents of public opinion to guide the history, and divides it into three stages:1949-1976years,1977-2003years, and2004-. By reviewing the sort out our government to deal with incidents of public opinion to guide the historical context, find the common characteristics of public opinion, as well as the potential problems. Because the research needs, the practice of government the Qiandao Lake incident, SARS, Wenchuan earthquake the3emergency representative opinion guidance in separate analyses.Second chapter, related thoughts history guides our government to respond to emergencies of public opinion. On the basis of a chapter on carding the history our government to respond to emergencies of public opinion on this, this chapter has carried on the related thinking, mainly has the following several points:the Communist Party of China and the government emergency maintain absolute control of the media; government information open and continuous improvement, but in some or can not meet the public expectation; path of government to deal with emergencies of public opinion more diversified. But in these changes, and guide our country government to deal with emergencies of public opinion also has some problems, such as to guide public opinion, government departments need to strengthen the construction of the subject itself, the government also needs to develop new public opinion guide path, to evaluate the effect of emergency public opinion guidance lack index and system.The third chapter, the Chinese government to respond to emergencies of public opinion guidance self construction. The government as the main body of public opinion guidance, not problems. But the reality is that, as the main body of public opinion guidance of our government still has some problems. To solve these problems, the.government will need to strengthen its own construction, starting from the following aspects:the implementation and improvement of the existing laws and regulations; establish a sound early warning and forecasting system of public opinion; enhance the government’s credibility; strengthen the incidents in ethnic areas causes research; strengthen the training of government news spokesperson; enhance the government official media literacy. Its construction is the fundamental, only the basic process, in order to enhance the public opinion guidance.Fourth chapters, study on the path of China’s government to deal with the unexpected events of public opinion. Path to guide public opinion, the decision of government in the public opinion guidance can choose operation method. This section presents the path choice of government emergency response guide public opinion public opinion:the government website; to guide the government micro-blog; publish authoritative news timely; actively carry out international cooperation, the foreign media; and with other public opinion guide body (such as media, celebrity, enterprises, non-governmental organizations) to lead the public opinion.Fifth chapters, study on the evaluation system of the ability to guide the government to deal with emergencies of public opinion. For a long time, lack the ability to guide the government to deal with emergencies of public opinion assessment system in China, leading to events in the outside is very difficult for the government’s public opinion guidance practice assessment. This chapter draws lessons from the domestic some excellent academic institutions and local experience and achievements, build the capacity index and system to guide the new emergency government public opinion, evaluation more standardized and institutionalized in order to make our country’s public opinion guidance.更多还原