【作者】 朱明刚；

【导师】 刘志刚；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 轮机工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 船舶柴油机动力装置的振动不仅影响船体结构安全也影响相关设备和仪表等运行可靠性，同时会对环境造成污染和危害。在军用舰船中，柴油机等动力装置的振动更严重影响其隐蔽性和战斗力，对其进行振动控制显得尤为重要。传统的被动隔振难以对低频振动进行有效隔离，且隔振装置一经确定，其特性参数如刚度、阻尼等也随之确定，不能对设备环境状态的变化做出反应。本文针对传统被动隔振的不足，以实际船舶柴油发电机组为研究对象，开展了振动主动控制技术在实船上的初步工程化研究。对制约振动主动控制工程化应用的瓶颈问题——作动器及控制器的工程化设计进行了较深入的探讨。研制了一种以弹簧片作为悬挂弹簧的作动、传感一体化惯性式作动器，设计制作了专用于船舶应用的控制器，并对作动器和控制器进行了型式试验。在实验室模拟台架进行主动隔振的仿真和台架实验的基础上，对实船柴油发电机组的振动特性进行了仿真、测试及分析，并进行了实船柴油发电机组的主动控制实验研究，且初步归纳出了船舶动力装置的主动控制实施流程。具体工作是：在对作动器的磁通密度、磁力线分布等进行了仿真分析的基础上，对作动器的尺寸进行了优化设计，分析了轭铁厚度、导磁外筒对气隙磁感应强度的影响。对作动器的弹簧片进行了结构优化设计，最后进行了作动器性能试验。以DSP和CPLD器件为核心设计了专用的振动主动控制器，制造了控制器核心控制板卡。并按照相关标准对研制的控制器和作动器进行了型式试验。在实验室搭建了模拟台架实验系统，研究了台架的结构特性，并对该系统进行了主动控制算法仿真及控制实验。仿真及实验均表明，作动器运行可靠，为进行实船柴油发电机组主动控制试验奠定了基础。对某拖船上的由TXF-280L4-H型发电机和东风6135柴油机组成的柴油发机组进行了模态测试，获得了柴油发电机组的固有特性。并对柴油发电机组的振动特性进行了试验测试。在国内首次完成实船柴油发电机组的振动主动控制实验。在某拖船的柴油发电机组上，采用基于误差通道离线辨识的x-LMS算法，进行振动主动控制的试验研究。在柴油机转速从800r/min到1500r/min变化的范围内，对柴油发电机组实施振动主动控制实验。结果表明：主动隔振系统工作时，控制频带范围内隔振器上各点加速度响应总振级有不同程度地衰减，最大可达6dB。舷侧水中水听器的信号也有一定程度的衰减。本文以船用柴油机发电机组振动主动试验为基础，提出了振动主动控制初步流程，为建立船舶动力设备振动主动控制实施流程提供了有益的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vibration of the marine diesel engine power plant not only affects the safety of ship hulland the operation reliability of relevant equipments and meters, but also causes the noisepollution and harm to the surrounding environment. For the warships, the vibration willinfluence their stealth and fighting capability. Therefore, it is of great importance to controlthe vibration of marine diesel engine. For the traditional passive vibration control means,however, it is difficult to effectively isolate the low frequency vibration. Moreover, once theisolation system is determined, other characteristic parameters, such as stiffness and damping,will be also fixed, which means that the isolation system cannot track the variation of externalexcitation.Motivated by the aforementioned shortcoming of traditional passive isolation,preliminary engineering studies have been performed on the real ship with its diesel generatoras the investigation object. The engineering design of actuator and controller, which are thebottle neck problems in the restriction of active vibration control practical application, arediscussed and investigated in much depth. One type of sensor integrated inertial actuator hasbeen developed with the spring piece as the suspension spring. The controller special for thereal ship application is designed and made. Experimental studies are also performed for thedesigned actuator and controller. In the laboratory environment, the simulation and setupstudies are carried out for the vibration characteristics of the marine diesel generator,including numerical calculation, measurement and analysis. The experimental investigationof active vibration control of real marine diesel generator has been conducted, and theimplementation procedure of active control of marine power plant has been preliminarilysummarized. The works completed in the thesis are given below:Based on the simulation analysis of magnetic flux density and magnetic line of force forthe actuator, the optimal design is performed for the actuator dimensions. The effects of yokethickness and magnetic conductivity outer cylinder on the magnetic induction intensity of airgap are also analyzed. Optimal structural design is also carried out for the spring piece, andexperimental study is performed to check the actuator performances.With the DSP and CPLD as the core device, the controller is designed special for activevibration controller, which is made by using the core chip. According to certain standard, the experiments have been done for the check of actuator and controller developed.Experimental setup is built up in the laboratory condition, and the structuralcharacteristics of the setup has been investigated. Then, the algorithm simulation and controlexperiments are also conducted for the active vibration control system. The results from thesimulation and experiments shows that the actuator developed can operate reliably. Thisprovides the solid foundation for the active vibration control experiments of the marine dieselgenerator sets.Modal test has been performed for the marine diesel generator sets composed by theTXF-280L4-H generator and6135diesel engine on certain tugboat, the natural property ofthe diesel engine generator set is then obtained. Experimental measurement is also performedto derive the vibration characteristics of the diesel generator set.The active vibration control experiments of the diesel generator sets have beenimplemented for the first time at home on a real ship. For the diesel generator set, the x-LMSalgorithm is used for the offline identification of the error path; the active vibration controlexperimental studies are then performed during the variation of diesel rotation speed from800r/min to1500r/min. The results indicate that active vibration control system can yieldsignificant attenuation of acceleration response to various extents for the observing points oneach isolator, with the largest vibration reduction up to6dB. Some reduction is also found atthe underwater microphone located outboard.In this thesis, the preliminary design procedure of active vibration control system hasbeen proposed based on the active vibration control experiments of diesel generator set. It isbelieved that this proposed procedure can provide help reference for the design of activevibration control of other ship power plant.更多还原