【作者】 李强；

【导师】 郭斌；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在发达国家的很多行业中,外部创新知识所占比重已经超过45%以上。我国大部分的中小企业面临着资源短缺和技术能力薄弱的双重束缚,仅仅依靠内部积累的技术经验和知识已经无法支撑日益复杂的创新活动。外部知识搜索是一种有效提高技术创新绩效的战略,而如何进行搜索也成为创新搜索研究领域的热点,是我国中小企业最关心的实践问题。以往研究并未区分正式-非正式搜索来分析企业如何从多种外部知识源获取创新知识与技术,也很少关注企业冗余资源及知识属性对外部知识搜索宽度的影响机制。因此,本研究从正式-非正式搜索的视角,重点关注冗余资源和知识属性对于外部知识搜索宽度的影响作用,以及外部知识搜索宽度如何影响产品创新绩效,以指导中小企业如何根据自身资源、知识属性选择恰当的外部知识搜索策略,从而提高创新绩效。本文以浙江省中小制造企业为研究对象,采用了问卷调查的方法收集了243家企业数据,并使用多种统计方法,对三个子研究的研究假设分别进行了实证检验。子研究—采用多元线性回归分析和序列逻辑回归分析进行实证分析,结果表明：正式搜索宽度和非正式搜索宽度对产品创新绩效存在显著的正向影响；知识缄默性对非正式搜索宽度和产品创新绩效之间的关系起到负向的调节作用,即当知识缄默性越高,非正式搜索宽度对产品创新绩效的正向影响就越弱；技术复杂性对外部知识搜索宽度与产品创新绩效之间的关系不存在显著的调制作用。子研究二考虑了知识缄默性和技术复杂性作为两种知识属性,分析它们对于正式优先的宽度搜索策略的影响。采用逻辑回归分析进行实证检验后发现,知识缄默性对正式优先的宽度搜索策略具有正向影响,而技术复杂性对于正式优先的宽度搜索没有显著影响。子研究三把冗余资源分为未吸收冗余资源和已吸收冗余资源,使用负二项回归分析进行实证检验,结果发现：未吸收冗余资源对正式搜索宽度和非正式搜索宽度都具有显著的正向影响,而已吸收冗余资源仅对非正式搜索宽度具有显著的正向影响。本研究存在以下几点贡献：首先,本文引入正式-非正式搜索视角来分析外部知识搜索宽度对产品创新绩效的影响,并发现了正式搜索宽度和非正式搜索宽度对产品创新绩效均具有正向影响；其次,引入知识属性作为外部知识搜索宽度和产品创新绩效之间关系的调节变量,并发现知识缄默性对非正式搜索宽度与产品创新绩效之间的关系具有负向调节作用；第三,从知识属性的角度,分析企业是如何平衡正式和非正式搜索从外部知识源获取技术,结果发现知识缄默性会促使企业优先采用正式搜索；最后,从冗余资源的视角来分析企业的外部知识搜索宽度,发现未吸收冗余资源对企业的正式搜索宽度具有正向影响,已吸收冗余资源会正向影响企业的非正式搜索宽度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In developed countries, the share of innovative ideas from external sources is estimated to account for an average of45%of total ideas in many industries. Most of Chinese SMEs generally have limited resources and technological competence, which could not support their innovative development by accumulating the knowledge and experience internally. As the SMEs are actively engaging in open innovation to utilize and exploit external knowledge and technologies, an important research question is how the firms search externally from the sources or actors such as customers, suppliers, competitors, universities and such on.Previous research hasn’t distinguished the impact of formal and informal search on the acquiring of the knowledge from a wide range of external actors and sources. And less attention is given to investigate the influence of knowledge attributes and slack resource on search strategy for external knowledge. Based on the perspective of formal and informal search, the dissertation explores the impact of external search breadth on product innovation performance and the antecedents of external search breadth by using a survey of243manufacturing SMEs in Zhejiang province. The dissertation is further divided into three studies which are introduced below respectively.Study1is conducted to examine the effect of formal-informal search breadth and their interaction with knowledge attributes on product innovation performance. The empirical results show that both formal and informal search breadth has significant positive effect on product innovation performance, and knowledge tacitness negatively moderates the relationship between informal search breadth and product innovation.Study2is conducted to analyze the impact of knowledge attributes (knowledge tacitness and technological complexity) on formal-first search breadth. The empirical results show that knowledge tacitness significantly increases the propensity of formal-first search breadth, but it finds technological complexity has no significant impact on formal-first search breadth. The results mean while the knowledge is tacit, the firm is more likely to search from external sources or actors formally.Study3is conducted to examine the impact of different types of slack resource on external search breadth. The empirical results indicate that unabsorbed slack has significant positive effect on both formal search breadth and informal search breadth, and absorbed slack has significant positive effect on informal search breadth.The dissertation contributes to the previous literature on innovation search in the following ways. Firstly, it introduces the perspective of formal and informal search to analyze the relationship between external search breadth and product innovation performance, and finds that both formal and informal search breadth have significantly positive effect on product innovation performance. Secondly, it extends to include knowledge attributes as a context to moderate the relationship between external search breadth and innovative performance, and finds that knowledge tacitness has negative moderating effect on the relationship between informal search breadth and product innovation performance. Thirdly, it examines the knowledge attributes as ancetedents of external search breadth, and finds that knowledge tacitness possitvely increase the propensity of formal-first search to acquire the knowledge from a wide range of sources or actors. Lastly, it also extends the external search literatures by focusing on firm’s slack resource as an important antecedent, and finds that different types of slack resource have diverse impact on external search breadth.更多还原