【作者】 姚学恒；

【导师】 杨敏华； 湛飞并；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 城市的交通拥堵问题一直是制约世界各国大城市发展和困扰城市正常运转秩序的难题。尤其对正处于快速城市化的中国,这种制约和困扰更甚。为此,世界各国均在城市交通优化中投入了巨大的财力和物力,实时交通信息系统RTTIS(Real-Time Traffic Information System)因此诞生和发展。近三十年来,RTTIS的软、硬件伴随信息、通讯、3S (GPS、GIS、RS)、传感和电子等技术的发展而不断进步和完善,其中3S技术已成为RTTIS的重要支撑。然而,3S理论与技术本身也在不断发展和完善,这些发展必将推动RTTIS理论与方法体系不断完善和发展。本文着重于3S技术支撑下的RTTIS应用研究,主要创新和研究内容如下：(1)提出基于三种具有城市地理特征的抽象路网使用多智能体微观交通仿真技术来对RTTIS在不同装备比例下交通系统效率进行细致深入的研究,拓展了RTTIS评估研究结论适用性。结果表明：在平行结构路网中,当车辆RTTIS的使用比例少于30%时,交通系统效率得以提高,超过30%优化效果下降,当RTTIS的使用比例高于90%以上时,交通系统和车辆的运行状态最差,相比没有植入RTTIS交通系统车辆平均延迟时间几乎下降了26%；在格状结构和环状结构路网中,RTTIS的使用比例持续增高能够持续提高所有车辆交通效率。(2)使用基于多智能体的微观仿真模型来交通系统中的交通博弈与均衡现象进行研究。对植入和没有植入RTTIS的交通系统是否能够收敛于均衡状态做了仿真的测定,发现在这两种情形下基于三种抽象路网运行下的交通系统均能收敛于均衡状态,RTTIS的比例变化能使系统收敛于不同的均衡状态,且均衡状态与系统优化无必然联系。(3)针对RTTIS就多源遥感数据挖掘提出了基于K阶中心矩多源遥感影像数据融合方法。使用该方法产生的图像是多源遥感影像各通道均值向量与特征向量间的差异图,当K值处于低水平时,图像信息获得明显的增强。伴随K值增加,差异性增强,同时图像内容被简化。图像由信息增强到简化的变化随着K值的增大而变化,该方法将图像信息增强与简化这两种反向性能融于一身,使得该方法在实时交通信息数据挖掘中具有更大的灵活性。(4)基于实时交通信息数据采集、存储和挖掘提出使用张量来构造时空数据模型,从GIS空间分析和面向对象的角度实现交通信息时-空数据有效联合建模,该模型相对以往模型更有效的反应了交通实时信息时-空数据联动特征,有效消除数据冗余。论文基于3S理论技术力图推进RTTIS在交通领域的优化研究与应用。通过论文的研究工作,进一步明晰了RTTIS在交通系统中的作用和表现,优化了RTTIS系统。其成果在该领域具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traffic congestion have always been a big problem to harass cities’development and people’s life everywhere in the world. Especially in China, quick urbanization processing makes the problem worse. In order to tackle this problem, each country has spent a lot of money in urban traffic optimization, hence the RTTIS (Real-Time Traffic Information System) was born and developed. In recent thirty years, with the developments in the fields of information, communication,3S(GPS、GIS、RS) and electronic technology, the software and hardware of RTTIS have been greatly improved. Among these technologies,3S has provided the RTTIS with great support. However, the theory and technology of3S are keeping updating nowadays, so it is necessary to improve the application of3S in RTTIS accordingly. Research and innovations on RTTIS have conducted in four aspects as following.Firstly, based on theory and technology of3S, the efficiency of traffic system with RTTIS is studied on the basis of three kinds of abstract road networks which widely typify features of city roads, and comprehensive analyses of traffic system efficiency through traffic simulation based on mulit-agent on are made in different proportion of RTTIS. The study results indicate:in the parallel road networks, though at first, the performance of every vehicle and whole traffic system is enhanced when the proportion of vehicles with RTTIS is more than0%and less than30%, when the proportion is more than30%, the optimization effect of traffic performance declines, and when the proportion of RTTIS is more than90%, vehicles and the traffic system perform worst, which is less26%than the effect of the traffic system performance without RTTIS at all; in the grid and ring road networks, the more RTTIS is used, the better the performance of vehicles both with and without RTTIS, and the efficiencies of traffic performance of these two kinds of vehicles are nearly the same when the proportion of RTTIS is100%, that is to say, RTTIS benefits not only individuals but the whole traffic system as well.Secondly, traffic system equilibrium is also examined. Through simulation experiments, the measurements of whether the traffic system with as well as without RTTIS can converge on equilibrium are made in the thesis. The results show that both the traffic system with as well as without RTTIS are able to converge on equilibrium under the performance in three abstract road networks. The results also indicate that different proportion of RTTIS can make the system converge on different equilibrium, and some equilibrium can make the system optimized but some can not.Thirdly, aiming at the traffic system, the remote image data fusion based on the K order central moment is proposed through multi-source remote image data digging. A series of images constructed in this way are based on the difference between the average vector of multichannel and the feature vector of single band image. The images’quantity of information improve greatly as k value is low. With k increased, the reconstructing images’quantity of information decreased sharply and the difference between feature vectors and mean vectors is amplified.Fourthly, the new GIS Spatial-Temporal Data Model is put forward. This model reduces the data redundancy and can be calculated easily.Based on3S technology, the research tries to promote the application of RTTIS in traffic optimization. The effect of RTTIS in traffic system is figured out in detail and the RTTIS is optimized by study in thesis. The conclusions are important and valuable in the traffic field.更多还原