【作者】 马斌；

【导师】 王根顺；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 政府是人类文明的产物,当各种矛盾和冲突加剧到危及人类生存时,政府应运而生。在这个世界,没有人可以选择一种没有政府的生活。在我国,中国共产党通过对政府的领导和管理提高执政能力,增强执政的合法性和有效性。如何运用科学的理论指导政府改革,建立一个能够促进发展的良好政府,是中国和世界各国的共同任务,也是加强和改善党的领导的现实需要。影响政府改革的变量很多,本文尝试透过民主政治的视角,分析中国政府体制问题,提出改革建议。第一章为中国政府改革的理论构建。目前,国内政府改革理论的政策主张多止步于机构撤并和职能转变,视角局限于政府自身层面,难以触及深层次矛盾和问题。另一方面,上世纪末兴起于西方国家的、以公民参与和多中心治理为特征的政府改革运动冲击着中国现有的政府行政模式；国内日益高涨的民主诉求从政治层面释放到行政层面,需要政府积极回应,开放行政系统,扩大民众民主参与。引入民主理论,可以在更高层面上破解改革难题。第二章为中国政府改革的实践考察。从民主政治视角分析了中国政府面临的国内外挑战和压力,回顾了改革开放以来中国历次政府改革的做法、成就和特点,梳理了民主政治与政府改革之间的内在联系,进而查摆了中国政府自身体制问题和改革方法、改革思路方面的缺陷,剖析了原因。第三章为中国政府改革的目标设计。提出了中国政府的改革方向、原则和目标。方向是政府民主化建设；原则是改革必须体现中国特色,尊重中国国情,维护政府必要的权威,关键是要坚持中国共产党的领导；目标是建设服务政府、廉价政府和法治政府,服务政府是政府改革的价值取向,廉价政府是改革的效益取向,法治政府可有效保障改革成果,使服务政府和廉价政府常态化。第四章为中国政府改革的路径探索。具体是选举的民主化、决策的民主化、执行的民主化、监督的民主化、评估的民主化。通过公民对政府全过程的民主参与,使政府选举更民主,决策更科学,执行更有力,评估更客观,监督更有效,建设一个良好的政府。更多还原

【Abstract】 Governments are the result of human civilization and come into being when various controversies and conflicts intensify to threaten the existence of the human race. No one can choose to live a life without any government. In China, through the leadership and management of Government, the Chinese Communist Party improves the governing capacity and enhances legitimacy and effectiveness of governance. It is the task of all countries to direct the government reform with scientific theories and build a government for better development, and also the real needs to strengthen and improve the party’s leadership. Presently in China, Various factors affect the government reform. This thesis analyzes the Chinese government institutional problems and makes suggestions for reforms from the perspective of democratic politics construction.The first chapter is about the theoretical construction of Chinese government reform. Most of the present government reform theories focus on the cancellation and merging of institutions and changes of their roles, hardly addressing those fundamental issues and conflicts. At the same time, the western government reform movement, arising at the end of the1990s and featuring public participation and multi-centered administration, began to influence the current Chinese government model. The increasing demand for democracy filters from high-level governments to the executive offices, which needs government’s response, opens executive system and extends public participation. The introduction of democratic theory can solve the problem in a more efficient wayThe second chapter is about the practice of Chinese government reform. Based on democratic politics and practice, this thesis analyzes various challenges and pressures that the Chinese government faces. We also review the measures, achievements and features of all past Chinese governments since reform and opening up, list the links between democratic politics and government reforms, further point out our institutional problems and weaknesses in reform methods and thinking modes, analyze the reasons.The third chapter is about the target of Chinese government reform design. It puts forward the direction of our government reforms:the democratic construction of government. In China, whether it is to develop political democracy or executive democracy, we must have our own features, respect China’s situation and adhere to government’s authority. The key and basic rule is to adhere to the guidance of CCP. The goal of our reforms is to build an inexpensive government of service and law, with an inexpensive government as our result, a government of service as our value, and a government of law as an effective way to keep our reform results.The fourth chapter explores the path of Chinese government reform. The possible way of government reform is the democratization of election, policy-making, execution, supervision and evaluation. Our goal is to have a more democratic election, a more scientific decision-making, a more forceful execution, a more objective evaluation and a more effective supervision and a better government.更多还原