【作者】 薄文浩；

【导师】 邬荣领； 张志毅；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 藏川杨（Populus szechuanica var.tibetica）是杨柳科杨属青杨组我国特有的乡土树种,分布于青藏高原海拔2000-4500m的山区,对西藏地区多变的环境有着良好的适应性。藏川杨有着较长的利用历史,但研究基础较为薄弱。本研究以藏川杨自然群体和其他杨树作为材料。对藏川杨进行了群体遗传学分析,叶形模型数量化性状定位,杂交试验,对藏川杨杂交试验子代群体变异进行了研究,并筛选了一批可以在特定杂交组合中分离的SSR分子标记。为藏川杨今后的遗传进化研究和杂交育种,遗传图谱构建工作提供了理论基础。主要研究结果如下：（1）藏川杨群体期望杂合度,观测杂合度以及Nei氏基因多样性指数和Shannon指数均值分别为0.3074,0.3464,0.3448,0.5038,有着较为丰富的多态性。对不同来源的藏川杨群体研究表明,藏川杨主要分为两大类群,第一类群以林芝,拉萨地区的样品为主,第二类群以山南,日喀则地区样品为主。藏川杨变异主要来源于个体间变异,今后对藏川杨的遗传育种选择可以选择优良无性系为主。藏川杨可能与同在西南地区分布的滇杨有着共同起源的祖先。（2）通过图像对叶片性状进行数量化分析是可行的。通过主成分分析发现,藏川杨叶片的形态数量性状可以转化为6个主成分因子来描述。基于连锁不平衡分析的方法,找到标记GCPM₁063,GCPM₁026-1, GCPM1093₁, PCPM1064-1, GCPM₁-1,GCPM₁034-1,GCPM₁025-1,CPM₁053-1可能与藏川杨群体叶形变化相关。（3）藏川杨与青杨组内的大青杨,滇杨以及黑杨组内的欧美杨亲本有着良好的杂交可配性,通过对提高水培基质含氧量和胚挽救的方式可以有效获得青杨组杨树作为母本时的组合杂交子代。（4）各个杂交组合间各种表型性状差异显著,欧美杨作为杂交母本时的组合生长,光合性状均表现突出,可以作为以后杂交工作的重点组合。遗传参数的估算发现,杂交组合苗期的表型性状大多受母本遗传影响。杂交组合pu-05×pdian-01,peu-01×pslz-02,peu-01×pu-01,有着生长量的杂种优势表现。今后的杂交工作可以以东北地区青杨组树种,黑杨组欧美杨,西南地区青杨组树种作为亲本进行组间和组内不同来源间杂交,可以更好产生生长性状的杂种优势。通过杂交试验,获得了青杨组新种质1200余份。（5）欧美杨×藏川杨杂交群体有着丰富的表型变异。通过对节间生长的性状分析发现节间生长性状与苗期高生长表现高度相关,与大田苗高生长表现相关性高于苗期高生长性状。且节间生长性状与封顶期性状高度相关。节间生长性状可以作为高生长和封顶期性状的早期选择参考性状。（6）筛选了可以在欧美杨×藏川杨杂交组合子代群体中出现分离现象的SSR引物共70对。发现欧美杨×藏川杨杂交组合子代群体中,有着较多的双亲均出现分离引物,说明欧美杨×藏川杨杂交组合子代群体是良好的藏川杨连锁图谱构建材料。为以后藏川杨图谱构建和QTLs工作打下了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Populus szechuanica var.tibetica is a local species of Section Tacamahaca Spach in Salicaceae, which have special environmental suitability for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Though P.tiberitca has a long history for harvesting wood in tibet, it’s rarely reported in genetics or breeding.In this study, we focus on population genetics, leaf shape QTLs searching, cross breeding, variations in filial generation,and we screened SSR molecular markers in some hybrid generation. What we studied can be a basis of evolution research, cross breeding, and linkage mapping constructing for P. tibetica.The, main results can be described as follows:（1）The E.He.,O.He,h,and I（shannon） of the P. tibetica natural population is0.3074,0.3464,0.3448,0.5038.The natural population of P. tibetica are divided into two sub group.The first group contains the populations from Linzhi and Lasa.The second group contains the populations from Rikaze and Shannan.The variations mainly found individuals, which means the selection of P. tibetica should focus on better clones.The P. tibetica may have one ancestor poplar with Populus yunnanensis（2） It is feasible to quantific the leaf shape for P. tibetica.6factors are found in P. tibetica’s leaf shape data.Marker GCPM₁063,GCPM₁026-1, GCPM10931, PCPM₁064-1, GCPM₁-1, GCPM₁034-1, GCPM₁025-1, CPM₁053-1may associate with the leaf shape traits.（3） P. tibetica, P.yunnanensis and peu-01could be easily crossed. Using the air pump and tissue culture is efficient for P. tibetica’s breeding.（4） We created about1200new species resources of hyhird poplar.The difference in height and diameter and so forth traits between hybridized combinations are significant. Hybridized combinations with the peu-01as the female parent have the best phenotypes traits in height and diameter. The combinations pu-05xpdian-01, peu-01xpslz-02, peu-01xpu-01The crossing work could focus on peu-01and poplar from Northeast area and Southwest area in china.（5） High pearson product-moment correlation coefficient value is found between the internode traits and height and two-years height with correlation analysis.The budset date also highly correlated with internode triats.So,the internode traits could be a traits for early selection in breeding.（6）70primers are screened, which could befound Mendelian segregation in peu-01and P. tibetica.The results could be a foundation for linkage mapping constructing and QTLs work for P. tibetica更多还原