【作者】 张洪彬；

【导师】 张澍军；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 历史地看,志愿精神最初起源于西方,受孕于西方的宗教慈善,尤其受到基督文明的影响较深,体现为一种“慈善精神”。在中国,志愿精神受到传统道义的影响,被认为是一种“道义精神”。但无论如何,志愿精神都汇聚着来自不同文明、不同历史时期的道德信念、伦理规范。从学理上考察,志愿精神是指个人不受利益驱动和法律规约,基于坚定的人道主义信念和强烈的社会责任感,立志服务社会公益事业,促进社会进步和推动人类发展的一种精神形式,它是构成个人参与公共生活的重要道德体验,是人类精神的独特组成部分,体现着浓厚的人文关怀立场,是人类价值的凝聚和表达。志愿精神的本质内涵包括以下几个方面:志愿精神的本质是一种可分享的参与式的精神形式,强调人人参与和分享人生价值的道德实践;其核心体现为“互助互爱”的生命伦理意识与人道主义信仰;其前提是自由与自治的个体态度,强调内心的道德自由而非外在强制;其生发和延续的基础是给予性与创造性生活的自为机制,强调志愿精神是自成目的性的精神存在;实践的结果是一种可能的幸福生活与价值人生,强调“自由给予”的幸福获得。辨认志愿精神,要从道德的、实践的和价值的三个层面来进行。在道德的层面,志愿精神体现为一种德性精神;在实践的层面,志愿精神体现为一种实践精神;在价值的层面,志愿精神则体现为一种价值诉求。三个层面上的志愿精神也存在差异,但始终处于相生相携、缺一不可的关系:德性奠定了志愿精神的起点,实践指明了志愿精神的方向/路径,价值诉求则是志愿精神的最终归宿。志愿精神具有强烈的价值关怀和实践取向,是人类社会发展到一定程度的“历史性现代产物”,是人类文明的重要组成部分,符合了人类道德和人类社会的发展趋势,本身就是一种具有价值的精神形式。志愿精神的外化和表达,就是志愿精神的实践过程,是志愿者道德境界的外在涌现。志愿精神的实践体现为一种利益他人与社会的道德实践,即是志愿服务。志愿服务的实施,是志愿精神自身价值的现实反映。在全球化的大背景下,公民社会迅速崛起,成为民众参与社会实践的公共领域。民众要求社会参与的呼声高涨,志愿服务成了民众参与社会的重要途径。在公民整体道德意识和社会参与意识增强的条件下,志愿服务构成了实现人生价值和获得生活幸福的重要方式,也是推动社会健康发展的必然途径。在志愿精神的实践过程中,虽然取得了很多可喜的成就,但也同时出现了一些问题。为了实现志愿精神的深化和发展,解决实践环节出现的问题,就需要在个人、社会、国家等多个层面和多个方面,来培育志愿文化,使志愿服务成为社会认可并践履的行动。更多还原

【Abstract】 Historically, the volunteerism initially started in the West, and conceived in religious charities of the West. In particular, volunteerism heavily influenced by the Christian civilization, and embodied a kind of "charity." In China, volunteerism, which is influenced by the traditional morality heritage, is considered a kind of "moral spirit." In any case, volunteerism stemmed from many moral beliefs and ethical norms of different civilizations and different historical periods. From the view of academic studies, volunteerism is a spiritual form, which is not profit-driven individuals and legal statute, based on firm humanitarian values and strong sense of social responsibility, as well as determined to serve public welfare and to promote social progress and human development. It is an important moral experience which individual takes part in public life, a unique part of the human spirit, embodies the strong position of humane care as well as the condensation and expression of human values.The essences of the volunteerism include several aspects as following: volunteerism is the participatory spiritual form which can be shared and emphasizes the moral practice of all people’s participation and the sharing of their life value; its core reflects the life ethic of "mutual help" and humanitarian beliefs; its premise is the individual freedom and the autonomy attitudes, and emphasizes the inner moral freedom rather than the external force; the basis of its germinal and continuity is the self-conducting mechanism of the life of giving and creativity, and emphasizes the volunteerism is the autotelic spiritual existence; the results of its practice is a happy life and valuable life, and emphasize the fortunate acquisition of "freely given".We should recognize volunteerism from the moral, the practical and the value levels. The volunteerism is a virtue in the moral level, a practical sprit in the practical level, and a value proposition in the level in the value level. There are some differences in the three levels, but they are always in the harmonious relationship: the morality laid the starting point of volunteerism; the practice points out the direction (or path) of volunteerism; the value proposition is the final destination of volunteerism.The volunteerism is the "historic modern product" when the human society develops into a certain degree, with a strong of value care and practical orientation. It is the important composition of human culture and a valuable spiritual form, in line with the morality and development trend of human society. The externalization and expression of volunteerism is the practice of volunteerism and the emerging of volunteers’moral realm, that is, the implement of volunteerism is the reflection of their own values. Furthermore, the practice of volunteerism reflects the moral practice which serve others and society, that is, voluntary services.Under the background of globalization, the rapid rise of civil society become the public domain which public participation in social practice. The voice of the people want to participate in society is rising, and voluntary service has become an important way of people’s participation in social affairs. The voluntary services not only constitute the important ways of the realization of the value of life and obtain happiness, but also become the necessary means of promoting the healthy development of society. Although we have made many delightful achievements, there are still some problems in the practice volunteerism. In order to realize the deepening and development of the volunteerism and solve the problems in the practical process, we need foster voluntary cultural in the personal, social, national and other levels, and try to make the voluntary service as the action of the social recognition and fulfillment.更多还原